Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T03:14:56.012Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of interactions between β′ precipitates and long period stacking ordered structures on corrosion behaviors of Mg–10Gd–5Y–2Zn–0.5Zr (wt%) alloy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2017

Yanlong Zou ,
Xia Chen  and
Bin Chen
Yanlong Zou
Affiliation:
The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
Xia Chen
Affiliation:
The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
Bin Chen*
Affiliation:
Frontier Research Center for Materials Structure, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: steelboy@sjtu.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

In this paper, corrosion behaviors of Mg–10Gd–5Y–2Zn–0.5Zr (wt%) alloy (GWZ1052K) in different aging stages are investigated using immersion tests and electrochemical measurements in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution. The corrosion resistance is found to increase from the solution-anneal to peak-aged condition, which is attributed to microstructure evolutions of β′ precipitates and nearly unchanged long period stacking ordered (LPSO) structures. The broken network LPSO structures no more act as corrosion barriers, thus inversely worsening the galvanic corrosion. β′ precipitates uniformly surround the LPSO lamellas, those partly enhancing corrosion resistance. The potentiodynamic polarization curves also show the best corrosion resistance in the peak-aged stage, suggesting the similar tendency of corrosion behaviors. And the results of electrochemical impedance spectrum are consistent with the morphology of the corrosion surface. Further equivalent circuit is established to investigate the corrosion mechanism.

Keywords

alloycorrosionscanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 33 , Issue 6 , 28 March 2018 , pp. 745 - 757
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Contributing Editor: Jürgen Eckert

References

REFERENCES

Shreir, L.L.: Corrosion. Metal/environment Reactions, Vol. I (Taylor and Francis, Oxford, England, 1976).Google Scholar
Wilson, C.B., Claus, K.G., Earlam, M.R., Hillis, J.E., Wilson, C.B., Claus, K.G., Earlam, M.R., and Hillis, J.E.: Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys (Macmillan Education, London, U.K., 1978).Google Scholar
Rokhlin, L.L.: Magnesium Alloys Containing Rare Earth Metals (Taylor and Francis, Oxford, England, 2003).Google Scholar
Ding, W., Li, D., Wang, Q., and Li, Q.: Microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled Mg–Zn–Nd–Zr alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 483, 228 (2008).Google Scholar
Nodooshan, H.R.J., Liu, W., Wu, G., Rao, Y., Zhou, C., He, S., Ding, W., and Mahmudi, R.: Effect of Gd content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloys under peak-aged condition. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 615, 79 (2014).Google Scholar
Pang, S., Wu, G., Liu, W., Sun, M., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., and Ding, W.: Effect of cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of sand-casting Mg–10Gd–3Y–0.5Zr magnesium alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 562, 152 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, W., Wu, G., Wang, Q., Huang, Y., and Ding, W.: Gd contents, mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg–10Gd–3Y–0.5Zr alloy purified by fluxes containing GdCl3 additions. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 507, 207 (2009).Google Scholar
Wu, G., Zhang, Y., Liu, W., and Ding, W.: Microstructure evolution of semi-solid Mg–10Gd–3Y–0.5Zr alloy during isothermal heat treatment. J. Magnesium Alloys 1, 39 (2013).Google Scholar
Wu, W.X., Jin, L., Dong, J., Zhang, Z.Y., and Ding, W.J.: Hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr magnesium alloy. Mater. Sci. Forum 747–748, 320 (2013).Google Scholar
Zheng, X., Dong, J., Yin, D., Liu, W., Wang, F., Jin, L., and Ding, W.: Forgeability and die-forging forming of direct chill casting Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr magnesium alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 527, 3690 (2010).Google Scholar
Honma, T., Ohkubo, T., Kamado, S., and Hono, K.: Effect of Zn additions on the age-hardening of Mg–2.0Gd–1.2Y–0.2Zr alloys. Acta Mater. 55, 4137 (2007).Google Scholar
Liu, X.B., Chen, R.S., and Han, E.H.: Effects of ageing treatment on microstructures and properties of Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloys with and without Zn additions. J. Alloys Compd. 465, 232 (2008).Google Scholar
Xu, C., Xu, S.W., Zheng, M.Y., Wu, K., Wang, E.D., Kamado, S., Wang, G.J., and Lv, X.Y.: Microstructures and mechanical properties of high-strength Mg–Gd–Y–Zn–Zr alloy sheets processed by severe hot rolling. J. Alloys Compd. 524, 46 (2012).Google Scholar
Xu, C., Zheng, M.Y., Xu, S.W., Wu, K., Wang, E.D., Kamado, S., Wang, G.J., and Lv, X.Y.: Ultra high-strength Mg–Gd–Y–Zn–Zr alloy sheets processed by large-strain hot rolling and ageing. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 547, 93 (2012).Google Scholar
Xu, C., Zheng, M.Y., Xu, S.W., Wu, K., Wang, E.D., Kamado, S., Wang, G.J., and Lv, X.Y.: Microstructure and mechanical properties of rolled sheets of Mg–Gd–Y–Zn–Zr alloy: As-cast versus as-homogenized. J. Alloys Compd. 528, 40 (2012).Google Scholar
Yamada, K., Okubo, Y., Shiono, M., Watanabe, H., Kamado, S., and Kojima, Y.: Alloy development of high toughness Mg–Gd–Y–Zn–Zr alloys. Mater. Trans. 47, 1066 (2006).Google Scholar
Yang, Q., Xiao, B.L., Zhang, Q., Zheng, M.Y., and Ma, Z.Y.: Exceptional high-strain-rate superplasticity in Mg–Gd–Y–Zn–Zr alloy with long-period stacking ordered phase. Scr. Mater. 69, 801 (2013).Google Scholar
Yang, Z., Guo, Y.C., Li, J.P., He, F., Xia, F., and Liang, M.X.: Plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization behaviors of Mg–5Gd–4Y–0.5Zn–0.5Zr alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 485, 487 (2008).Google Scholar
Yang, Z., Li, J.P., Guo, Y.C., Liu, T., Xia, F., Zeng, Z.W., and Liang, M.X.: Precipitation process and effect on mechanical properties of Mg–9Gd–3Y–0.6Zn–0.5Zr alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 454–455, 274 (2007).Google Scholar
Zhang, S., Yuan, G.Y., Lu, C., and Ding, W.J.: The relationship between (Mg, Zn) 3 RE phase and 14H-LPSO phase in Mg–Gd–Y–Zn–Zr alloys solidified at different cooling rates. J. Alloys Compd. 509, 3515 (2011).Google Scholar
Li, Y.X., Zhu, G.Z., Qiu, D., Yin, D.D., Rong, Y.H., and Zhang, M.X.: The intrinsic effect of long period stacking ordered phases on mechanical properties in Mg–RE based alloys. J. Alloys Compd. 660, 252 (2015).Google Scholar
Yin, D.D., Wang, Q.D., Gao, Y., Chen, C.J., and Zheng, J.: Effects of heat treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–11Y–5Gd–2Zn–0.5Zr (wt%) alloy. J. Alloys Compd. 509, 1696 (2011).Google Scholar
Zhang, S., Liu, W., Gu, X., Lu, C., Yuan, G., and Ding, W.: Effect of solid solution and aging treatments on the microstructures evolution and mechanical properties of Mg–14Gd–3Y–1.8Zn–0.5Zr alloy. J. Alloys Compd. 557, 91 (2013).Google Scholar
Zheng, J. and Chen, B.: Interactions between long-period stacking ordered phase and β′ precipitate in Mg–Gd–Y–Zn–Zr alloy: Atomic-scale insights from HAADF-STEM. Mater. Lett. 176, 223 (2016).Google Scholar
Zheng, J., Xu, X., Zhang, K., and Chen, B.: Novel structures observed in Mg–Gd–Y–Zr during isothermal ageing by atomic-scale HAADF-STEM. Mater. Lett. 152, 287 (2015).Google Scholar
Zheng, J.X., Li, Z., Tan, L.D., Xu, X.S., Luo, R.C., and Chen, B.: Precipitation in Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloy: Atomic-scale insights into structures and transformations. Mater. Charact. 117, 76 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atrens, A.: Understanding magnesium corrosion, recent progress at UQ, Vol. III (Curran Associates, Perth, Australia, 2011), pp. 1893.Google Scholar
Atrens, A. and Dietzel, W.: The negative difference effect and unipositive Mg+ . Adv. Eng. Mater. 9, 292 (2007).Google Scholar
Atrens, A., Song, G.L., Cao, F., Shi, Z., and Bowen, P.K.: Advances in Mg corrosion and research suggestions. J. Alloys Compd. 1, 177 (2013).Google Scholar
Atrens, A., Song, G.L., Liu, M., Shi, Z., Cao, F., and Dargusch, M.S.: Review of recent developments in the field of magnesium corrosion: Recent developments in Mg corrosion. Adv. Eng. Mater. 17, 400 (2015).Google Scholar
Cao, F., Song, G.L., and Atrens, A.: Corrosion and passivation of magnesium alloys. Corros. Sci. 111, 835 (2016).Google Scholar
Song, G. and Atrens, A.: Understanding the Corrosion Mechanism: A Framework for Improving the Performance of Magnesium Alloys (John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New Jersey, USA, 2004); p. 507.Google Scholar
Song, G.L. and Atrens, A.: Corrosion mechanisms of magnesium alloys. Adv. Eng. Mater. 1, 11 (1999).Google Scholar
Thomas, S., Medhekar, N.V., Frankel, G.S., and Birbilis, N.: Corrosion mechanism and hydrogen evolution on Mg. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 19, 85 (2015).Google Scholar
Williams, G., Birbilis, N., and Mcmurray, H.N.: The source of hydrogen evolved from a magnesium anode. Electrochem. Commun. 36, 1 (2013).Google Scholar
Williams, G., Dafydd, A.L., Mcmurray, H.N., and Birbilis, N.: The influence of arsenic alloying on the localised corrosion behaviour of magnesium. Electrochim. Acta 219, 401 (2016).Google Scholar
Dong, B.L.: High temperature oxidation of AZ31 + 0.3 wt% Ca and AZ31 + 0.3 wt% CaO magnesium alloys. Corros. Sci. 70, 243 (2013).Google Scholar
Sachdeva, D.: Insights into microstructure based corrosion mechanism of high pressure die cast AM50 alloy. Corros. Sci. 60, 18 (2012).Google Scholar
Chang, J., Guo, X., He, S., Fu, P., Peng, L., and Ding, W.: Investigation of the corrosion for Mg–xGd–3Y–0.4Zr (x = 6, 8, 10, 12 wt%) alloys in a peak-aged condition. Corros. Sci. 50, 166 (2008).Google Scholar
Liang, S., Guan, D., and Tan, X.: The relation between heat treatment and corrosion behavior of Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloy. Mater. Des. 32, 1194 (2011).Google Scholar
Peng, L.M., Chang, J.W., and Guo, X.W.: Influence of heat treatment and microstructure on the corrosion of magnesium alloy Mg–10Gd–3Y–0.4Zr. J. Appl. Electrochem. 39, 913 (2009).Google Scholar
Sun, M., Wu, G., Wang, W., and Ding, W.: Effect of Zr on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg–10Gd–3Y magnesium alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 523, 145 (2009).Google Scholar
Zhang, T., Liu, X., Shao, Y., Meng, G., and Wang, F.: Electrochemical noise analysis on the pit corrosion susceptibility of Mg–10Gd–2Y–0.5Zr, AZ91D alloy and pure magnesium using stochastic model. Corros. Sci. 50, 3500 (2008).Google Scholar
Zhang, J., Xu, J., Cheng, W., Chen, C., and Kang, J.: Corrosion behavior of Mg–Zn–Y alloy with long-period stacking ordered structures. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 28, 1157 (2012).Google Scholar
Zhang, X., Ba, Z., Wang, Q., Wu, Y., Wang, Z., and Wang, Q.: Uniform corrosion behavior of GZ51K alloy with long period stacking ordered structure for biomedical application. Corros. Sci. 88, 1 (2014).Google Scholar
Zhang, X., Ba, Z., Wang, Z., and Xue, Y.: Microstructures and corrosion behavior of biodegradable Mg–6Gd–xZn–0.4Zr alloys with and without long period stacking ordered structure. Corros. Sci. 105, 68 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, X., Wu, Y., Xue, Y., Wang, Z., and Yang, L.: Biocorrosion behavior and cytotoxicity of a Mg–Gd–Zn–Zr alloy with long period stacking ordered structure. Mater. Lett. 86, 42 (2012).Google Scholar
Hryn, J.N.: An Hydrogen Evolution Method for the Estimation of the Corrosion Rate of Magnesium Alloys (John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New Jersey, USA, 1993).Google Scholar
Cao, F., Shi, Z., Hofstetter, J., Uggowitzer, P.J., Song, G., Liu, M., and Atrens, A.: Corrosion of ultra-high-purity Mg in 3.5% NaCl solution saturated with Mg(OH)2 . Corros. Sci. 75, 78 (2013).Google Scholar
Cao, F., Shi, Z., Song, G.L., Liu, M., and Atrens, A.: Corrosion behaviour in salt spray and in 3.5% NaCl solution saturated with Mg(OH)2 of as-cast and solution heat-treated binary Mg–X alloys: X = Mn, Sn, Ca, Zn, Al, Zr, Si, Sr. Corros. Sci. 76, 60 (2013).Google Scholar
Shi, Z. and Atrens, A.: An innovative specimen configuration for the study of Mg corrosion. Corros. Sci. 53, 226 (2011).Google Scholar
Baril, G.V., Blanc, C., Keddam, M., and PéBèRe, N.: Local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy applied to the corrosion behavior of an AZ91 magnesium alloy. J. Electrochem. Soc. 150, B488 (2003).Google Scholar
Pebere, N., Riera, C., and Dabosi, F.: Investigation of magnesium corrosion in aerated sodium sulfate solution by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochim. Acta. 35, 555 (1990).Google Scholar
Rudd, A.L., Breslin, C.B., and Mansfeld, F.: The corrosion protection afforded by rare earth conversion coatings applied to magnesium. Corros. Sci. 42, 275 (2000).Google Scholar
Tong, L.B., Zhang, Q.X., Jiang, Z.H., Zhang, J.B., Meng, J., Cheng, L.R., and Zhang, H.J.: Microstructures, mechanical properties and corrosion resistances of extruded Mg–Zn–Ca–xCe/La alloys. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 62, 57 (2016).Google Scholar