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Structure and temperature-dependent phase transitions of lead-free Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3–Bi1/2K1/2TiO3–K0.5Na0.5NbO3 piezoceramics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2012

Eva-Maria Anton ,
Ljubomira Ana Schmitt ,
Manuel Hinterstein ,
Joe Trodahl ,
Ben Kowalski ,
Wook Jo ,
Hans-Joachim Kleebe ,
Jürgen Rödel  and
Jacob L. Jones
Eva-Maria Anton*
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
Ljubomira Ana Schmitt
Affiliation:
Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
Manuel Hinterstein
Affiliation:
Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
Joe Trodahl
Affiliation:
MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
Ben Kowalski
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
Wook Jo
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
Hans-Joachim Kleebe
Affiliation:
Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
Jürgen Rödel
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
Jacob L. Jones
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: anton@ceramics.tu-darmstadt.de
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Abstract

Structure and phase transitions of (1 − y)((1 − x)Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3–xBi1/2K1/2TiO3)–yK0.5Na0.5NbO3 (x; y) piezoceramics (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.4; 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.05) were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, neutron diffraction, temperature-dependent x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The local crystallographic structure at room temperature (RT) does not change by adding K0.5Na0.5NbO3 to Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3–xBi1/2K1/2TiO3 for x = 0.2 and 0.4. The average crystal structure and microstructure on the other hand develop from mainly long-range polar order with ferroelectric domains to short-range order with polar nanoregions displaying a more pronounced relaxor character. The (0.1; 0) and (0.1; 0.02) compositions exhibit monoclinic Cc space group symmetry, which transform into Cc + P4bm at 185 and 130 °C, respectively. This high temperature phase is stable at RT for the morphotropic phase boundary compositions of (0.1; 0.05) and all compositions with x = 0.2. For the compositions of (0.1; 0) and (0.1; 0.02), local structural changes on heating are evidenced by Raman; for all other compositions, changes in the long-range average crystal structure were observed.

Keywords

Lead-free piezoceramicBNT-BKTBNT-BKT-KNNrelaxor ferroelectricTEMRamanX-ray diffraction
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 27 , Issue 19 , 14 October 2012 , pp. 2466 - 2478
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2012

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