Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T07:05:02.050Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Surface properties of tellurite and fluorotellurite glasses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

M.D. O’Donnell ,
D. Furniss ,
V.K. Tikhomirov ,
D. Briggs ,
E.F. Smith  and
A.B. Seddon
M.D. O’Donnell*
Affiliation:
Novel Photonic Glasses Research Group, School of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
D. Furniss
Affiliation:
Novel Photonic Glasses Research Group, School of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
V.K. Tikhomirov
Affiliation:
Novel Photonic Glasses Research Group, School of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
D. Briggs
Affiliation:
Wolfson Centre for Materials Research, School of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; and Centre for Surface Chemical Analysis, School of Chemistry, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
E.F. Smith
Affiliation:
Wolfson Centre for Materials Research, School of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; and Centre for Surface Chemical Analysis, School of Chemistry, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
A.B. Seddon
Affiliation:
Novel Photonic Glasses Research Group, School of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. Present address: Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom. e-mail: m.odonnell@imperial.ac.uk
Get access

Abstract

The surface properties of some freshly cleaved, or polished, quaternary tellurite glasses (TeO2-ZnO-Na2O-Yb2O3and TeO2-ZnO-Na2O-GeO2) and a proposed ternary fluorotellurite core/clad optical fiber pair (TeO2-N a2O-ZnF2) were investigated by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and chemical durability. Semiquantitative chemical analysis of the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra of cleaved tungsten-tellurite and fluorotellurite glasses showed good agreement with the batched at.% values when taking into account the effects of processing (e.g., melt fluorine volatilization), and the samples seemed to exhibit negligible hydrolysis. However, spectra of polished surfaces did not yield useful data because of masking of the glass “signal” from organic contamination at the sample surface. The chemical durability of these glasses were studied; specifically, the glass resistance to the attack and the etchability of various acids (aqueous HF, H2SO4, and HCl), alkali (aqueous NaOH), and water at 15, 21, and 60 °C were obtained by simple mass loss experiments and optical microscopy. Based on the appearance of the glass surfaces after immersion in these solutions, aqueous HF was found to be the most promising etchant, however, infrared spectra showed that significant OH was introduced into the glass. Attack of the fluorotellurite glasses was found to proceed at a higher rate in water at 60 °C compared with room temperature, and at both temperatures was shown to be diffusion controlled, with an Arrhenian activation energy estimated as 57 kJ mol−1.

Keywords

CeramicInfrared (IR) spectroscopyX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 22 , Issue 6 , June 2007 , pp. 1673 - 1684
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Lenher, V.Wolesensky, E.: A study of the metallic tellurites. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 35, 718 1913CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Stanworth, J.E.: Tellurite glasses. J. Soc. Glass Technol. 36, 217 1952Google Scholar
3Stanworth, J.E.: Tellurite glasses. Nature 169, 581 1952CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Rawson, H.: Inorganic Glass-Forming Systems,1st ed. (Academic Press, London, 1967)Google Scholar
5Wang, J., Vogel, E.Snitzer, E.: Tellurite glass: A new candidate for fiber devices. Opt. Mater. 3, 187 1994CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Kao, K.C.Hockman, G.A.: Dielectric-fibre surface waveguides for optical frequencies. Proc. IEEE 113, 1151 1966Google Scholar
7Stegeman, R., Jankovic, L., Kim, H., Rivero, C., Stegeman, G., Richardson, K., Delfyett, P., Guo, Y., Schulte, A.Cardinal, T.: Tellurite glasses with peak absolute Raman gain coefficients up to 30 times that of fused silica. Opt. Lett. 28, 1126 2003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8Benson, T.M., Vukovic, A., Sewell, P., Zhang, D., O’Donnell, M.D., Lousteau, J., Furniss, D.Seddon, A.B.Fibre on glass (FOG): A novel concept for planar photonics. (6th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, Wroclaw, Poland, 2004)Google Scholar
9O’Donnell, M.D., Miller, C.A., Furniss, D., Tikhomirov, V.K.Seddon, A.B.: Fluorotellurite glasses with improved mid-infrared transmission. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 331, 48 2003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Himei, Y., Miura, Y., Nanba, T.Osaka, A.: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of alkali tellurite glasses. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 211, 64 1997CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Beamson, G.Briggs, D.: High-Resolution XPS of Organic Polymers Wiley Chichester, UK 1992Google Scholar
12Chowdari, B.V.R.Kumari, P.P.: Synthesis and characterization of silver borotellurite glasses. Solid State Ionics 86–8, 521 1996Google Scholar
13Charton, P., Gengembre, L.Armand, P.: TeO2-WO3glasses: Infrared, XPS and XANES structural characterizations. J. Solid State Chem. 168, 175 2002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Chowdari, B.V.R.Kumari, P.P.: Thermal, electrical and XPS studies of Ag2O center dot TeO2-P2O5glasses. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 197, 31 1996CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Chowdari, B.V.R.Kumari, P.P.: Effect of mixed glass-formers in Ag2O-MoO3-TeO2system. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 58, 515 1997CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16Chowdari, B.V.R.Kumari, P.P.: Studies on Ag2O-MxOy-TeO2(MxOy= WO3, MoO3, P2O5and B2O3) ionic conducting glasses. Solid State Ionics 115, 665 1998CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Chowdari, B.V.R., Tan, K.L.Fang, L.: Synthesis and characterisation of CuI-Cu2O-TeO2-MO3(M = Mo or W) glass systems. Solid State Ionics 136, 1101 2000CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18Chowdari, B.V.R., Tan, K.L.Ling, F.: Synthesis and characterization of xCu2O-TeO2-(1-x-y)MoO3glass system. Solid State Ionics 115, 711 1998CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Khattak, G.D., Mekki, A.Wenger, L.E.: Local structure and redox state of copper in tellurite glasses. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 337, 174 2004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20Khattak, G.D.Salim, M.A.: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of zinc-tellurite glasses. J. Electron. Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 123, 47 2002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Salim, M.A., Khattak, G.D., Tabet, N.Wenger, L.E.: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies of copper-sodium tellurite glasses. J. Electron. Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 128, 75 2003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22Shimizugawa, Y., Maeseto, T., Inoue, S.Nukui, A.: Structure of TeO2-ZnO glasses by RDF and Te, Zn K EXAFS. Phys. Chem. Glasses 38, 201 1997Google Scholar
23Poulain, M.: Halide glasses. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 56, 1 1983CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Greenwood, N.N.Earnshaw, A.: Chemistry of the Elements Butterworth-Heinemann Oxford, UK 1995Google Scholar
25Atkins, P.W.: Physical Chemistry,5th ed. (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1994)Google Scholar
26Bagnall, K.W.: The Chemistry of Selenium, Tellurium and Polonium,1st ed. (Elsevier, London, UK, 1966)Google Scholar
27Kerr, J.A.: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,81st ed. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2000)Google Scholar
28Huheey, J.E.: Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity,S.I. Units ed. (Harper & Row, London, UK, 1975)Google Scholar
29Seddon, A.B.: Chemical properties, in Fluoride Glasses,edited by A.E. Comyns (Wiley, Chichester, UK, 1989), p. 157Google Scholar
30O’Donnell, M.D., Furniss, D., Tikhomirov, V.K.Seddon, A.B.: Low loss infrared fluorotellurite optical fibre. Phys. Chem. Glasses: Eur. J. Glass Sci. Technol. Part B 47, 121 2006Google Scholar