Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-68ccn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-13T17:37:26.817Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Selective laser melting manufactured CNTs/AZ31B composites: Heat transfer and vaporized porosity evolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 July 2018

Jiaojiao Wu  and
Linzhi Wang
Jiaojiao Wu
Affiliation:
Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Technology and Systems, Chongqing 400714, China
Linzhi Wang*
Affiliation:
Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Technology and Systems, Chongqing 400714, China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: wlz@cigit.ac.cn
Get access

Abstract

In this research, heat transfer analysis was operated by simulation to investigate the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on laser absorption and molten pool characteristic as well as the vaporization porosity of a typical magnesium alloy of AZ31B in the selective laser melting (SLM) process. It is concluded that the laser absorption is enhanced by 7.9% through mixing 1.5 wt% CNTs into AZ31B alloy powders. The full melting state of molten pools for CNTs/AZ31B composites was achieved by laser input energy densities (LIEDs) larger than 42 J/mm3. However, vaporization porosity has an ascendent tendency with LIED increasing, which leads to poor densities of manufactured parts. As a result, the optimal relative density and mechanical properties of composites are obtained by an LIED of 42 J/mm3. It may solve the problem of low laser absorption in laser processing for magnesium alloys and provide a referenced method to evaluate the vaporization porosity of the material in the SLM process.

Keywords

compositelaserMg
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 33 , Issue 18 , 28 September 2018 , pp. 2752 - 2762
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

b)

These authors contributed equally to this work.

References

REFERENCES

Liang, J., Srinivasan, P.B., and Blawert, C.: Influence of chloride ion concentration on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of plasma electrolytic oxidation coated AM50 magnesium alloy. Electrochim. Acta 55, 6802–6811 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dhahri, M., Masse, J.E., and Mathieu, J.F.: Laser welding of AZ91 and WE43 magnesium alloys for automotive and aerospace industries. Adv. Eng. Mater. 3, 504–507 (2001).3.0.CO;2-3>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, D.H. and Kwon, H.H.: Development of warm forming parts for automotive body dash panel using AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 16, 2159–2165 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cao, Z., Wang, F., and Wan, Q.: Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloy tube fabricated by hot flow forming. Mater. Des. 67, 64–71 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barbagallo, S., Cavaliere, P., and Cerri, E.: Compressive plastic deformation of an AS21X magnesium alloy produced by high pressure die casting at elevated temperatures. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 367, 9–16 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herzog, D., Seyda, V., and Wycisk, E.: Additive manufacturing of metals. Acta Mater. 117, 371–392 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, W., Brandt, M., and Sun, S.: Additive manufacturing of strong and ductile Ti–6Al–4V by selective laser melting via in situ martensite decomposition. Acta Mater. 85, 74–84 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y. and Gu, D.: Parametric analysis of thermal behavior during selective laser melting additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy powder. Mater. Des. 63, 856–867 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ng, C.C., Savalani, M.M., and Lau, M.L.: Microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melted magnesium. Appl. Surf. Sci. 257, 7447–7454 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, B.C., Liao, H., and Coddet, C.: Effects of processing parameters on properties of selective laser melting Mg–9% Al powder mixture. Mater. Des. 34, 753–758 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pawlak, A., Rosienkiewicz, M., and Chlebus, E.: Design of experiments approach in AZ31 powder selective laser melting process optimization. Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng. 17, 9–18 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, Z.P., Ci, L., and Bur, J.A.: Experimental observation of an extremely dark material made by a low-density nanotube array. Nano Lett. 8, 446 (2008).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldak, J., Bibby, M., and Moore, J.: Computer modeling of heat flow in welds. Metall. Trans. B 17, 587–600 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dai, K. and Shaw, L.: Finite element analysis of the effect of volume shrinkage during laser densification. Acta Mater. 53, 4743–4754 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vogt, M.R., Holst, H., and Winter, M.: Numerical modeling of c-Si PV modules by coupling the semiconductor with the thermal conduction, convection and radiation equations. Energy Procedia 77, 215–224 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murshed, S.M., Leong, K.C., and Yang, C.: A model for predicting the effective thermal conductivity of nanoparticle-fluid suspensions. Int. J. Nanosci. 5, 23–33 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sih, S.S. and Barlow, J.W.: The prediction of the thermal conductivity of powders. Inc. SFF Symp. 397, 40 (1995).Google Scholar
Wandera, C. and Kujanpaa, V.: Characterization of the melt removal rate in laser cutting of thick-section stainless steel. J. Laser Appl. 22, 62–70 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, N.J., Todd, I., and Mumtaz, K.: Reduction of micro-cracking in nickel superalloys processed by selective laser melting: A fundamental alloy design approach. Acta Mater. 94, 59–68 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, L.Z. and Wei, W.H.: Microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-reinforced ZK61 magnesium alloy composites prepared by spark plasma sintering. Int. J. Mater. Res. 108, 192–201 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gan, Y., Wang, W., and Cui, Z.: Numerical and experimental study of the temperature field evolution of Mg alloy during high power diode laser surface melting. Optik 126, 739–743 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, X., Zhou, W.X., and Chen, X.K.: Significant decrease in thermal conductivity of multi-walled carbon nanotube induced by inter-wall van der Waals interactions. Phys. Lett. A 380, 1861–1864 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, C. and Chou, T.W.: Modeling of heat capacities of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by molecular structural mechanics. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 409, 140–144 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shi, H.F., Ok, J.G., and Baac, H.W.: Low density carbon nanotube forest as an index-matched and near perfect absorption coating. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 207402 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hashemi, S.M. and Nefedov, I.S.: Wideband perfect absorption in arrays of tilted carbon nanotubes. Phys. Rev. B 86, 4608–4619 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, M., Pistorius, P.C., and Beuth, J.L.: Prediction of lack-of-fusion porosity for powder bed fusion. Addit. Manuf. 14, 39–48 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Temmler, A., Küpper, M., and Walochnik, M.A.: Surface structuring by laser remelting of metals. J. Laser Appl. 29, 012015 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kazzaz, H.A., Medraj, M., and Cao, X.: Nd:YAG laser welding of aerospace grade ZE41A magnesium alloy: Modeling and experimental investigations. Mater. Chem. Phys. 109, 61–76 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carlone, P., Astarita, A., and Rubino, F.: Microstructural aspects in FSW and TIG welding of cast ZE41A magnesium alloy. Metall. Mater. Trans. B 47, 1–7 (2015).Google Scholar
Jägle, E.A., Sheng, Z., and Wu, L.: Precipitation reactions in age-hardenable alloys during laser additive manufacturing. J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. 68, 943–949 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dai, D. and Gu, D.: Tailoring surface quality through mass and momentum transfer modeling using a volume of fluid method in selective laser melting of TiC/AlSi10Mg powder. Int. J. Mach. Tool Manufact. 88, 95–107 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar