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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 February 2018
Recent investigations into the origin of crime point as a rule to the conclusion that all forms and manifestations of delinquency may be traced back to the operation of three causes, which have been called anthropological, social, and cosmical.∗ These three causes sometimes act individually and sometimes collectively, as well as in varying proportions, according to the nature of the crime or the character of the criminal. With respect to the second cause, it is admitted by criminalists of all schools that adverse social surroundings is one of the most potent factors in the production of crime. Some writers lay down the doctrine that crime is entirely social in its origin; they adopt as their motto the celebrated maxim of Quetelet, that society prepares crime, the criminal only executes it, and maintain that an adequate amelioration of the present unequal conditions of existence would quickly bring about the extinction of the whole criminal population.†
∗ Ferri, , “Socialismo e Criminalità,” 59.Google Scholar
† “Revue Philosophique,” xxiv., 625.Google Scholar
∗ Garofalo, , “Criminalogia” (ed. Fr.) 64 sq. Google Scholar
† Ferri, , “Archives de l'Anthropologie Criminelle,” xi., 1 sq. Google Scholar
‡ “Handbuch des Gefaengnisswesens,” xi., 485.Google Scholar
§ Quetelet, , “Physique Sociale,” xi., 266 sq. Google Scholar
∗ Maudsley, Dr., “Journal of Mental Science” for last July.Google Scholar
† “Actes du Premier Congres International d'Anthropologie Criminelle,” 495 sq. Google Scholar
∗ Compare these measurements with Lombroso's in his third edition of “L'Uomo Delinquente.”.Google Scholar
∗ Cf. Wilhelm Wundt, Ethik., “Eine Untersuchung der Thatsachen und Gesetze des Sittlichen Lebens,” 372 sq. Google Scholar
† Ribot, , “Les Maladies de la Volonté” (1887), 4 sq. Google Scholar
∗ Lombroso mentions the case of a man who, on being insulted at night by some unknown persons, armed himself, and went about wounding anyone he happened to meet.Google Scholar
† Férè, , “Dégénérescence et Criminalité” (1888), 71 sq. Google Scholar
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