Reflections on the Preoccupation and Conduct of African Diplomacy

R. A. Akindele

doi:10.1017/S0022278X00053702

Reflections on the Preoccupation and Conduct of African Diplomacy

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 November 2008

R. A. Akindele

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A Large volume of transactions between states goes through bilateral channels associated with traditional diplomacy. Accordingly, each independent African state has established its network of formal contacts with those members of the international community it considers friendly, and who similarly reciprocate this gesture of good will. Indeed, a noticeable world-wide trend in the last decade has been to diversify and intensify such diplomatic contacts because of the increasing complexity and interdependence of the contemporary international system. But bilateral relations between states, pervasive as they are, by no means constitute the totality of channels of international transactions.

Type: Articles
Information: The Journal of Modern African Studies , Volume 14 , Issue 4 , December 1976 , pp. 557 - 576

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X00053702 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1976

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^{page 558 note 1} Jenks, C. W., ‘The Legal Personality of International Organization’, in British Yearbook of International Law (London), XXII, 1945, PP. 267–75Google Scholar; and Whiteman, M. M., Digest of International Law (Washington), XIII, 1968, pp. 1–28Google Scholar.

^{page 558 note 2} Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations. I.C.J. Report (Geneva, 1949), PP. 179 and 185.

^{page 559 note 1} Resolutions and Statements Adopted by the Meetings of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government, 1963–1972 (Addis Ababa, 1973); and Resolutions Adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government in its Tenth Ordinary Session (Addis Ababa, 1973).

^{page 559 note 2} Resolutions, Recommendations and Statements Adopted by the Ordinary and Extra-Ordinary Sessions of the Council of Ministers, 1963–1969, Vol. I (Addis Ababa, 1973); and Resolutions, Recommendations and Statements Adopted by the Ordinary and Extra-Ordinary Sessions of the Council of Ministers, 1968–1973, Vol. II (Addis Ababa, 1973).

^{page 561 note 1} Council of Ministers Resolution (hereafter cited as CM/Res.) 121 (IX) of September 1967.

^{page 561 note 2} See Hirschman, Albert O., Exit, Voice and Loyalty (Cambridge, Mass., 1970)Google Scholar.

^{page 561 note 3} CM/Res. I (I) of August 1963.

^{page 562 note 1} See Kay, David A., The New Nations in the United Nations (New York, 1970), pp. 136–42Google Scholar.

^{page 562 note 2} CM/Res. II (II) of February 1964.

^{page 562 note 3} Green, L. C., ‘Representation in the Security Council - a Survey’, in Indian Year Book of International Affairs (New Delhi), XI, 1962, pp. 48–75Google Scholar; also ‘Gentlemen's Agreements and the Security Council’, in Current Legal Problems (London), XIII, 1960.

^{page 562 note 4} General Assembly Resolution 1991 (XVIII) of 17 December 1963.

^{page 563 note 2} CM/Res. 69 (v) of October 1965.

^{page 563 note 3} CM/Res. 291 (XX) of February 1973.

^{page 564 note 1} CM/Res. 120 (IX) of September 1967, and 183 (XII) of February 1969.

^{page 564 note 2} CM/Res. 188 (XIII) of September 1969.

^{page 564 note 3} CM/Res. 263 (XVIII) of February 1972.

^{page 565 note 1} CM/Res. 56 (IV) of March 1965.

^{page 565 note 2} CM/Res. 65 (v) of October 1965, and AHG/Res. 33 (II) of October 1965.

^{page 565 note 3} CM/Res. 243 (XVIII).

^{page 565 note 4} Security Council Resolutions 309–12 of 4 February 1972; International Legal Materials (Washington), XI, 1972, pp. 436–42.

^{page 565 note 5} U.N. Document A/8859, 27 October 1972.

^{page 566 note 1} CM/Res. 3 (I) of August 1963.

^{page 566 note 2} CM/Res. 28 (II) of February 1964.

^{page 566 note 3} CIAS/Plen. 2/Rev. 2 of May 1963.

^{page 566 note 4} CM/Res. 54 (IV) of March 1965, 204 (XIII) of September 1969, and 233 (XV) of August 1970.

^{page 566 note 5} CM/Res. 22 (II) of February 1964,85 (VII) of November 1966, and 204 (XIII) of September 1969.

^{page 566 note 6} CM/Res. 233 (XV) of August 1970.

^{page 566 note 7} CM/Res. 233 (XV) of August 1970, and 273 (XIX) of June 1972.

^{page 567 note 1} CIAS/Plen. 2/Rev, of May 1963.

^{page 567 note 2} ECM/Res. 13 (VI) of December 1965.

^{page 567 note 3} Kay, op. cit. ch. 4.

^{page 567 note 4} See Guelke, Adrian, ‘Africa as a Market for South African Goods’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), XII, I, 03 1974, pp. 69–88Google Scholar.

^{page 568 note 1} Changes in O.A.U. attitudes towards Portugal came about only after the Government abandoned its rigid colonial policy in favour of independence for Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, and Angola.

^{page 568 note 2} See Aluko, Olajide, ‘The OAU Liberation Committee After a Decade: an appraisal’, in Quarterly Journal of Administration (Ife), VIII, 10 1973, pp. 59–68Google Scholar.

^{page 568 note 3} CM/Res. 77/Rev. I (VII) of November 1966.

^{page 569 note 1} Text in Brownlie, Ian (ed.), Basic Documents on African Affairs (Oxford, 1971), p. 529Google Scholar.

^{page 569 note 2} CM/St. 5 (XVII) of June 1971.

^{page 569 note 3} CM/Res. 76 (VI) of March 1966, and 86 (VII) of November 1966.

^{page 569 note 4} CM/Res. 151 (XI) of September 1968, and 270 (XIX) of June 1972.

^{page 569 note 5} CM/Res. 207 (XIV) of March 1970.

^{page 569 note 6} CM/Res. 242/Rev. I (XVII) of June 1971.

^{page 570 note 1} ECM/Res. 13 (VI) of December 1965.

^{page 570 note 2} CM/Res. 232 (XV) of August 1970.

^{page 570 note 3} West Africa (London), 31 October 1970.

^{page 571 note 1} CM/Res. 290 (XX) of February 1973.

^{page 571 note 2} CM/Res. 264 (XVIII) of February 1972, and 290 (XX) of February 1973.

^{page 571 note 3} See, for instance, the 1970 Lusaka Declaration of the Third Conference of Non-Aligned Countries in International Legal Materials, X, 1971, p. 215.

^{page 571 note 4} AHG/St. 2(IV) of September 1967.

^{page 571 note 5} CM/Res. 132 (x).

^{page 572 note 1} AHG/Res. 66 (VIII) of June 1971.

^{page 572 note 2} Gitelson, S. A., ‘The OAU Mission and the Middle East Conflict’, in International Organization (Boston), 27, 1973, pp. 413–20Google Scholar; and El-Khawas, Mohamed A., ‘Africa and the Middle Eastern Crisis’, in Issue: a quarterly journal of Africanist opinion (Waltham, Mass.), V, I, 1975, ppGoogle Scholar.

^{page 572 note 3} AHG/Res. 67 (IX) of June 1972.

^{page 572 note 4} AHG/Res. 70 (X) of May 1973.

^{page 572 note 5} Africa Research Bulletin (Exeter), X, 10, 15 November 1973.

^{page 572 note 6} OAU News Bulletin (Addis Ababa), February/March 1974.

^{page 573 note 1} Keesing's Contemporary Archives (London), 26356, 18–24 February 1974.

^{page 573 note 2} CIAS/Plen. 2/Rev. 2 of May 1963.

^{page 573 note 3} CM/Res. 122 (IX) of September 1967.

^{page 573 note 4} CM/Res. 146 (X) of February 1968.

^{page 574 note 1} CM/Res. 156 (XI) of September 1968.

^{page 574 note 2} CM/Res. 146 (X) of February 1968.

^{page 574 note 3} CM/St. 7 (XIX) of June 1972.

^{page 574 note 4} Ibid.

^{page 574 note 5} OAU News Bulletin, August/September 1973.

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