1. “Gerry Society’s Record,” New York Times (6 February 1905), 7; Thirty-Fourth Annual Report of the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (Philadelphia, 1910), 7.

2. Figures 1 and 2 reflect the number of new complaints per year recorded by the Illinois Humane Society (1884–1936), the Philadelphia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (1878–1924), the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (1876–1935), and the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (1881–1930). Some data are missing because of the organizations’ idiosyncratic recordkeeping. (For example, in its early years, the Illinois Humane Society combined its reports on children and animals.) To determine per capita complaints, the author used the U.S. Census Reports for Chicago, Philadelphia, New York, and Boston. In 1898, the City of Greater New York was created, consolidating the existing City of New York (Manhattan) with the eastern Bronx, Brooklyn, most of Queens County, and Staten Island. For the purposes of consistency and historical accuracy (the NYPCC was a Manhattan institution), the per capita data for New York was based on the population of Manhattan.

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33. See, for example, “L.S.P.C. May Give Up for Lack of Funds,” Daily Picayune (New Orleans), 22 November 1913, 5; “S.P.C.C. Society Has Annual Meeting,” Daily Picayune (New Orleans), 2 February 1917, 5.

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36. Thirty-fourth Annual Report of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (Boston, 1914), 24; Thirty-fifth Annual Report of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (Boston, 1915), 21; Fortieth Annual Report of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (Boston, 1920), 8; Forty-first Annual Report of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (Boston, 1921), 16.

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