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The Freedom to Drink and the Freedom to Sell Drink: A Hundred Years of Danish Alcohol-Control Policy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2012

Kim Moeller
Kim Moeller*
Affiliation:
Aarhus University, Denmark
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Journal of Policy History , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , July 2012 , pp. 499 - 517
Copyright
Copyright © Donald Critchlow and Cambridge University Press 2012

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References

NOTES

1. Rigsdags proceedings 1918–1919, appendix A, column 4809 [Rigsdagstidende, Ordentlig samling].

2. Parliamentary proceedings 1992–1993, appendix A and B, column 86 [Folketingstidende].

3. National Temperance Movement, Memorandum of 1911 [Redegørelse af 1911] (Copenhagen, 1911), 4.Google Scholar

4. Nielsen, Bent, Bill of Restaurants: Commented Edition [Restaurantloven: Kommenteret udgave] (Copenhagen, 1979), 9.Google Scholar

5. Rigsdags proceedings 1918–1919, appendix A, columns 4763–64.

6. Ministry of Commerce’s Publican Commission [Handelsministeriets Beværterlovudvalg], Parliamentary white paper no. 539 (Copenhagen, 1969), 38.

7. OECD 2010, OECD Health Data 2010 (OECD); ESPAD 2007, the 2007 ESPAD Report: “Substance Use Among Students in 35 European Countries: The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs” (by Björn Hibell, Ulf Guttormsson, Salme Ahlström, Olga Balakireva, Thoroddur Bjarnason, Anna Kokkevi, and Ludwig Kraus), www.espad.org.

8. Dalberg-Larsen, Jørgen, The Constitutional State, the Welfare State, and Then What? [Retsstaten, Velfærdsstaten og hvad så?] (Aarhus, 1984), 23.Google Scholar

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15. Statistics Denmark 2010 [Danmarks Statistik], Consumption of Pure Liters of Alcohol, www.statiskbanken.dk.

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17. Room, Robin, Romelsjö, Anders, and Mäkelä, Pia, “Impacts of Alcohol Policy: The Nordic Experience,” in The Effects of Nordic Alcohol Policies: What Happens to Drinking and Harm When Alcohol Controls Change? ed. Room, Robin (Helsinki, 2002), 167–74Google Scholar; Mäkelä, Pia, Rossow, Ingeborg, and Tryggvesson, Kalle, “Who Drinks More or Less When Policies Change? The Evidence from 50 Years of Nordic Studies,” in The Effects of Nordic Alcohol Policies, ed. Room, Robin (Helsinki, 2002), 17–70Google Scholar; Sulkunen, Pekka, Sutton, Caroline, Tigerstedt, Christoffer, and Warpenius, Katariina, “Introduction,” in Broken Spirits, ed. Sulkunen, , Sutton, , Tigerstedt, , and Warpenius, (Helsinki, 2000), 7–16.Google Scholar

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21. Rigsdags proceedings 1918–19, appendix A, columns 4802–3.

22. On Licenses to Serve Strong Drinks [Om bevilling til udskænkning af stærke drikke], Act no. 73 of 23 May 1873.

23. Eriksen, “Illicit Bars as a Form of Protest,” 156–57.

24. Ministry of Commerce’s Publican Commission, Parliamentary white paper no. 539 (Copenhagen, 1969), 8.

25. Other factors played a role as well. A decline in consumption had already begun, and the economic downturn due to World War II intensified the effects of the price increase (Eriksen, “Illicit Bars as a Form of Protest,” 162).

26. Rigsdags proceedings 1919–1920, columns 2943–40; “Final Remarks of the Alcohol Commission,” Parliamentary white paper no. 264 (Copenhagen 1960), 96.

27. Eriksen, “The Making of the Danish Liberal Drinking Style, 3.

28. Report on the Work for the Publican’s Act: The Danish Temperance Movement [Beretning om arbejdet for Beværterloven] (Aalborg, 1914), 7.

29. “Final Remarks of the Alcohol Commission,” Parliamentary white paper no. 264 (Copenhagen, 1960), 208–11.

30. Rigsdags proceedings 1918–1919, appendix A, columns 4763–64.

31. “On Publicans and Public Houses, and Selling Strong Drinks, Act no. 99 of March 1924”; Axel Roelsen and K. Skat-Rørdam, “Act no. 99 of 29 March: On Public Houses and the Selling of Hard Liquor” [Lov nr. 99 af 29. marts om Beværtning og gæstgiveri samt om handel med stærke drikke] (Copenhagen, 1937), x–xi.

32. Rigsdags proceedings 1907, appendix A, column 4331.

33. Rigsdags proceedings 1918–1919, appendix A, columns 4791–92; Rigsdags proceedings 1921–22, appendix C.

34. Ministry of Industry’s Commission on Hotels and Restaurants, Parliamentary white paper no. 1206 [Industriministeriets restaurationslovudvalg] (Copenhagen, 1990), 78–79.

35. National Temperance Movement, Memorandum of 1911 [Redegørelse af 1911] (Copenhagen, 1911), 4 and 20.

36. Eriksen, “The Making of the Danish Liberal Drinking Style,”19.

37. Rigsdags proceedings 1918–1919, appendix A, column 4802.

38. Sulkunen, et al. ., “Introduction,” in Broken Spirits, ed. Sulkunen, , Sutton, , Tigerstedt, , and Warpenius, (Helsinki, 2000), 16.Google Scholar

39. Dalberg-Larsen, The Constitutional State, the Welfare State, and Then What? 61–65.

40. Walsh, Dianna Chapman, Cook, Philip J., Davis, Karen, Grant, Marcus, Sulkunen, Pekka, Vaillant, George E., and Delbanco, Thomas L., “The Cultural Dimensions of Alcohol Policy Worldwide,” Health Affairs 8, no. 2 (1989): 48–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

41. On public houses and innkeeping, including trade in strong drinks, Act no. 129 of 15 March 1939; Publican’s act, Act no. 207 of 7 June 1958; on hotel and restaurant activities etc., Act no. 214 of 7 June 1963.

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44. Walsh, et al. ., “The Cultural Dimensions of Alcohol Policy Worldwide,” 48–62.Google Scholar

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46. Ministry of Commerce’s Publican Commission, Parliamentary white paper no. 539 (Copenhagen, 1969).

47. On Hotels and Restaurants etc., Act no. 121 of 25 March 1970; Asnæs, Gry, The Bill of Restaurants in Practice: The Commented Bill of Restaurants [Restaurationsloven i praksis: den kommenterede restaurationslov] (Copenhagen, 2006), 21.Google Scholar

48. Ministry of Industry, Newsletter no. 66, 5 April 5 1982; Ministry of Commerce’s Publican Commission, Parliamentary white paper no. 539 (Copenhagen, 1969), 14.

49. Nielsen, Bent, Bill of Restaurants: Commented Edition [Restaurantloven: Kommenteret udgave] (Copenhagen, 1979), 9.Google Scholar

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52. Rigsdags proceedings 1918–19, appendix A, columns 4763–64.

53. Ministry of Commerce’s Publican Commission, Parliamentary white paper no. 539 (Copenhagen, 1969), 38–46; Nielsen, Bill of Restaurants, 9 and prologue.

54. Ministry of Commerce’s Publican Commission, Parliamentary white paper no. 539 (Copenhagen, 1969), 48.

55. Ugland, “An Integrated Alcohol Control Policy, 47.

56. Ministry of Industry’s Commission on Hotels and Restaurants, Parliamentary white paper no. 1206 (1990).

57. Parliamentary proceedings 1992–1993, appendix A and B, column 1026.

58. Ugland, “An Integrated Alcohol Control Policy,” 50.

59. Parliamentary proceedings 1992–1993, appendix A and B, columns 82 and 86.

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