An earlier version of this paper was presented at the seminar on “Historical Dimensions of Development, Change and Conflict in the South”, organized by the Directorate General of International Co-operation of the Netherlands Ministry for Foreign Affairs, and held in The Hague in April 1993. The Proceedings were issued in 1994 under the same title by the Ministry as volume 9 of their series Poverty and Development-Analysis and Policy. I am grateful for permission to rework and publish the paper.

¹ An earlier version of this paper was presented at the seminar on “Historical Dimensions of Development, Change and Conflict in the South”, organized by the Directorate General of International Co-operation of the Netherlands Ministry for Foreign Affairs, and held in The Hague in April 1993. The Proceedings were issued in 1994 under the same title by the Ministry as volume 9 of their series Poverty and Development- Analysis and Policy. I am grateful for permission to rework and publish the paper. F. Braudel, Civilisation and Capitalism I5th–18th Century, vol. II, The Wheels of Commerce (London: Collins, 1982), p. 120Google Scholar; Leur, J.C. van, Indonesian Trade and Society: Essays in Asian Social and Economic History (The Hague and Bandung: W. van Hoeve, 1955).Google Scholar

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⁶ An early, classic statement in this Journal's predecessor was Smail's, John “On the Possibility of an Autonomous History of Modern Southeast Asia”, Journal of Southeast Asian History 2 (1961): 72–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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¹⁰ For example the monographs cited in note 7 above, and such recent collections as Ashin Das Gupta and Michael Pearson (eds.), India and the Indian Ocean, 1500–1800 (Calcutta: Oxford University Press, 1987)Google Scholar; Ptak, R. and Rothermunde, D. (eds.), Emporia, Commodities and Entrepreneurs in Asian Maritime Trade, c. 1400–1750 (Stuttgart: Fransz Steiner for the Southeast Asian Institute, University of Heidelberg, 1991).Google Scholar

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¹⁴ Ibid.

¹⁵ Sutherland and Bree, “Indonesian Trade”; Sutherland, “Eastern Emporium and Company Town”; on the China traders, see inter alia Souza, The Survival of Empire and Blusse, L., Strange Company: Chinese Settlers, Mestizo Women and the Dutch in VOC Batavia (Dordrecht: Foris, 1986), vol. 122 in the Verhandelingen series of the KITLV, chapters 6 and 7.Google Scholar

¹⁶ Sutherland and Bree, “Indonesian Trade”; Sutherland, “Eastern Emporium and Company Town”.

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¹⁸ à Campo, Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij.

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