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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 July 2015
1 The College Board, “10 years of Advanced Placement Exam Data Show Significant Gains in Access and Success; Areas for Improvement,” February 11, 2014, https:// www.collegeboard.org/releases/2014/class-2013-advanced-placement-results-announced. For an excellent condensed history of the AP program, emphasizing its evolution from an elite activity to a more broadly shared one, see Tim Lacy, “Examining AP: Access, Rigor, and Revenue in the History of the Advanced Placement Program” in AP: A Critical Examination of the AP Program, ed. Philip M. Sadler et al. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press, 2010), 17–48.
2 Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa, Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011), 8, 3, 71; Catherine Rampell, “A History of College Grade Inflation,” New York Times, July 14, 2011.
3 Cohen, Daniel J., “By the Book: Assessing the Place of Textbooks in U.S. Survey Courses,” Journal of American History 91 (Mar. 2005): 1407, 1412CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Pace, David, “The Amateur in the Operating Room: History and the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning,” American Historical Review 109 (Oct. 2004): 1186CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
4 Carrell, Scott E. and West, James E., “Does Professor Quality Matter? Evidence from Random Assignment of Students to Professors,” Journal of Political Economy 118:3 (2010): 409–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
5 See, e.g., Daniel Bernstein, et al., Making Teaching and Learning Visible: Course Portfolios and the Peer Review of Teaching (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2006); Nancy Van Note Chism, Peer Review of Teaching: A Sourcebook, 2nd ed. (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2007).
6 Special thanks to Dan Bernstein for suggesting this point to me, humorously but forcefully.
7 “Changes in AP History Trigger a Culture Clash in Colorado,” Washington Post, October 5, 2014.