Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-12T20:51:51.416Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Analyzing Confabulations in Schizophrenia and Healthy Participants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 September 2016

Mohammed K. Shakeel ,
Nancy M. Docherty ,
Patrick R. Rich ,
Maria S. Zaragoza ,
Quin M. Chrobak  and
Amanda McCleery
Mohammed K. Shakeel*
Affiliation:
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
Nancy M. Docherty
Affiliation:
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
Patrick R. Rich
Affiliation:
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
Maria S. Zaragoza
Affiliation:
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
Quin M. Chrobak
Affiliation:
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
Amanda McCleery
Affiliation:
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada. E-mail: mshakeel@kent.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objectives: Confabulations occur in schizophrenia and certain severe neuropsychiatric conditions, and to a lesser degree in healthy individuals. The present study used a forced confabulation paradigm to assess differences in confabulation between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Methods: Schizophrenia patients (n=60) and healthy control participants (n=19) were shown a video with missing segments, asked to fill in the gaps with speculations, and tested on their memory for the story. Cognitive functions and severity of symptoms were also evaluated. Results: Schizophrenia patients generated significantly more confabulations than healthy control participants and had a greater tendency to generate confabulations that were related to each other. Schizophrenic confabulations were positively associated with temporal context confusions and formal thought disorder, and negatively with delusions. Conclusions: Our findings show that the schizophrenia patients generate more confabulations than healthy controls and schizophrenic confabulations are associated with positive symptoms. (JINS, 2016, 22, 911–919)

Keywords

False memoryPsychosisPsychiatryPsychopathologySevere mental illnessHealthy controls
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 22 , Issue 9 , October 2016 , pp. 911 - 919
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ((4th ed.), Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.Google Scholar
Berg, E.A. (1948). A simple objective technique for measuring flexibility in thinking. The Journal of General Psychology, 39(1), 15–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berlyne, N. (1972). Confabulation. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 120(554), 31–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christodoulou, G. (1977). The syndrome of Capgras. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 130(6), 556–564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chrobak, Q.M., & Zaragoza, M.S. (2008). Inventing stories: Forcing witnesses to fabricate entire fictitious events leads to freely reported false memories. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15(6), 1190–1195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ciaramelli, E., & Ghetti, S. (2007). What are confabulators’ memories made of? A study of subjective and objective measures of recollection in confabulation. Neuropsychologia, 45(7), 1489–1500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Docherty, N.M. (2012). Missing referents, psychotic symptoms, and discriminating the internal from the externalized. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(2), 416–423.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Endicott, J., & Spitzer, R.L. (1978). A diagnostic interview: The schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35(7), 837–844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilboa, A., & Moscovitch, M. (2002). The cognitive neuroscience of confabulation: A review and a model. In A. Baddeley, M. Kopelman & B. Wilson (Eds.), Handbook of memory disorders (1st ed., pp. 315–342). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Gurd, J. (1995). Frontal dissociations: Evidence from Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 9(1), 55–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haddock, G., McCarron, J., Tarrier, N., & Faragher, E. (1999). Scales to measure dimensions of hallucinations and delusions: The psychotic symptom rating scales (PSYRATS). Psychological Medicine, 29(4), 879–889.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, M.K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D.S. (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin, 114(1), 3–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, M.K., O’Connor, M., & Cantor, J. (1997). Confabulation, memory deficits, and frontal dysfunction. Brain and Cognition, 34(2), 189–206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, M.K., & Raye, C.L. (1981). Reality monitoring. Psychological Review, 88(1), 67–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kay, S.R., Flszbein, A., & Opfer, L.A. (1987). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13(2), 261–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kopelman, M.D. (1987). Two types of confabulation. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, & Psychiatry, 50(11), 1482–1487.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kopelman, M.D. (2010). Varieties of confabulation and delusion. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 15(1-3), 14–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kraepelin, E. (1971). Dementia praecox and paraphrenia. New York: Krieger Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Kramer, S., Bryan, K.L., & Frith, C.D. (1998). ‘Confabulation’ in narrative discourse by schizophrenic patients. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 33(S1), 202–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
La Corte, V., George, N., Pradat-Diehl, P., & Barba, G.D. (2011). Distorted temporal consciousness and preserved knowing consciousness in confabulation: A case study. Behavioural Neurology, 24(4), 307–315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lorente-Rovira, E., Pomarol-Clotet, E., McCarthy, R., Berrios, G., & McKenna, P. (2007). Confabulation in schizophrenia and its relationship to clinical and neuropsychological features of the disorder. Psychological Medicine, 37(10), 1403–1412.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lorente-Rovira, E., Santos-Gomez, J., Moro, M., Villagrán, J., & McKenna, P. (2010). Confabulation in schizophrenia: A neuropsychological study. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16(06), 1018–1026.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lorente-Rovira, E., McKenna, P., Berrios, G., Villagrán Moreno, J.M., & Moro Ipola, M. (2011). Confabulations (II): Explicative models. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 39(6), 384–392.Google ScholarPubMed
Lorente-Rovira, E., McKenna, P., Moro-Ipola, M., & Villagrán-Moreno, J.M. (2011). Confabulations (I): Concept, classification and neuropathology. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 39(4), 251–259.Google ScholarPubMed
McKenna, P.J. (2007). Schizophrenia and related syndromes (2nd ed.), Hove: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Mercer, B., Wapner, W., Gardner, H., & Benson, D.F. (1977). A study of confabulation. Archives of Neurology, 34(7), 429–433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moritz, S., Woodward, T.S., Whitman, J.C., & Cuttler, C. (2005). Confidence in errors as a possible basis for delusions in schizophrenia. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193(1), 9–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moscovitch, M., & Melo, B. (1997). Strategic retrieval and the frontal lobes: Evidence from confabulation and amnesia. Neuropsychologia, 35(7), 1017–1034.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nathaniel-James, D., Foong, J., & Frith, C. (1996). The mechanisms of confabulation in schizophrenia. Neurocase, 2(6), 475–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nathaniel-James, D., & Frith, C. (1996). Confabulation in schizophrenia: Evidence of a new form? Psychological Medicine, 26(2), 391–400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nienow, T.M., & Docherty, N.M. (2004). Internal source monitoring and thought disorder in schizophrenia. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192(10), 696–700.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salazar-Fraile, J., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Selva-Vera, G., Balanzá-Martinez, V., Martı́nez-Arń, A., Catalán, J., & Vieta, E. (2004). Recall and recognition confabulation in psychotic and bipolar disorders: Evidence for two different types without unitary mechanisms. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 45(4), 281–288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schnider, A. (2003). Spontaneous confabulation and the adaptation of thought to ongoing reality. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 4(8), 662–671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schnider, A., Ptak, R., von Däniken, C., & Remonda, L. (2000). Recovery from spontaneous confabulations parallels recovery of temporal confusion in memory. Neurology, 55(1), 74–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shakeel, M.K., & Docherty, N.M. (2015). Confabulations in schizophrenia. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 20(1), 1–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shakeel, M.K., & Docherty, N.M. (2012). Neurocognitive predictors of source monitoring in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 200(2-3), 173–176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simpson, J., & Done, D. (2002). Elasticity and confabulation in schizophrenic delusions. Psychological Medicine, 32(3), 451–458.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zaragoza, M.S., Payment, K.E., Ackil, J.K., Drivdahl, S.B., & Beck, M. (2001). Interviewing witnesses: Forced confabulation and confirmatory feedback increase false memories. Psychological Science, 12(6), 473–477.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Shakeel supplementary material

Shakeel supplementary material 1

Download Shakeel supplementary material(File)
File 30.2 KB