Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T17:59:47.740Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A normative study of the CERAD neuropsychological assessment battery in the Korean elderly

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 February 2004

DONG Y. LEE
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyunggi Provincial Hospital for the Elderly, Yongin, Kyunggi-do, Korea
KANG U. LEE
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chunchon, Kangwon-do, Korea
JUNG H. LEE
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chunchon, Kangwon-do, Korea
KI W. KIM
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, Kyunggi-do, Korea
JIN H. JHOO
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Daejin Medical Center, Sungnam, Kyunggi-do, Korea
SUNG Y. KIM
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
JONG C. YOON
Affiliation:
Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
SUNG I. WOO
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
JIN HA
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
JONG I. WOO
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the effects of age, education and gender on the performance of eight tests in the Korean version of the CERAD neuropsychological assessment battery and to provide normative information on the tests in the Korean elderly. The battery was administered to 618 healthy volunteers aged from 60 to 90. People with serious neurological, medical and psychiatric disorders, including dementia, were excluded. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relative contribution of the demographic factors on the score of each cognitive test. Age, education, and gender were found to have significant effects on the performance of many tests in the battery. Based on these results, 4 overlapping age normative tables (60 to 74, 65 to 79, 70 to 84, and 75 to 90 years of age) with 3 educational strata (0 to 3 years, 4 to 6 years, and 7 years and more) for both genders are presented. The normative information will be useful for a clinical interpretation of the CERAD neuropsychological battery in Korean elderly as well as for comparing the performance of the battery across countries. (JINS, 2004, 10, 72–81.)

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2004 The International Neuropsychological Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Canadian Study of Health and Aging Working Group. (1994). Canadian Study of Health and Aging: Study methods and prevalence of dementia. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 150, 899913.Google Scholar
Escobar, J.I., Burnam, A., Karno, M., Forsythe, A., Landsverk, J., & Golding, J.M. (1986). Use of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in a community population of mixed ethnicity. Cultural and linguistic artifacts. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174, 607614.Google Scholar
Evans, D.A., Funkenstein, H., Albert, M.S., Scherr, P.A., Cook, N.R., Chown, M.J., Hebert, L.E., Hennekens, C.H., & Taylor, J.O. (1989). Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population of older persons: Higher than previously reported. Journal of the American Medical Association, 262, 25512556.Google Scholar
Flynn, J.R. (1987). Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 171191.Google Scholar
Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.F., & McHugh, P.R. (1975). Mini-Mental State: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189198.Google Scholar
Ganguli, M., Ratcliff, G., Huff, F.J., Belle, S., Kancel, M.J., Fischer, L., Seaberg, E.C., & Kuller, L.H. (1991). Effects of age, gender, and education on cognitive tests in a rural elderly community sample: Norms from the Monongahela valley independent elders survey. Neuroepidemiology, 10, 4252.Google Scholar
Kim, H.H. & Na, D.L. (1997). Korean version–Boston Naming Test. Seoul, Korea: Hak Ji Sa.
Kittner, S.J., White, L.R., Farmer, M.E., Wolz, M., Kaplan, E., Moes, E., Brody, J.A., & Feinleib, M. (1986). Methodological issues in screening for dementia: The problem of education adjustment. Journal of Chronic Disease, 39, 163170.Google Scholar
Lee, D.Y., Lee, J.H., Ju, Y.S., Lee, K.U., Kim, K.W., Jhoo, J.Y., Yoon, J.C., Ha, J., & Woo, J.I. (2002). The prevalence of dementia among the elderly in an urban population of Korea: The Seoul study. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 50, 12331239.Google Scholar
Lee, D.Y., Yoon, J.C., Lee, K.U., Jhoo, J.H., Kim, K.W., Lee, J.H., & Woo J.I. (1999). Reliability and validity of the Korean version of Short Blessed Test (SBT–K) as a dementia screening instrument. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 38, 12971307.Google Scholar
Lee, J.H., Lee, K.U., Lee, D.Y., Kim, K.W., Jhoo, J.H., Kim, J.H., Lee, K.H., Kim, S.Y., Han, S.H., & Woo, J.I. (2002). Development of the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD–K): Clinical and Neuropsychological Assessment Batteries. Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57, 4753.Google Scholar
Levy, R. (1994). Aging-associated cognitive decline. International Psychogeriatrics, 6, 6368.Google Scholar
Lezak, M.D. (1995). Neuropsychological assessment (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Livingston, G., Sax, K., Willison, J., Blizard, B., & Mann, A. (1990). The Gospel Oak Study, Stage II: The diagnosis of dementia in the community. Psychological Medicine, 20, 881891.Google Scholar
Morris, J.C., Heyman, A., Mohs, R.C., Hughes, J.P., van Belle, G., Fillenbaum, G., Mellits, E.D., Clark, C., & the CERAD investigators. (1989). The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 39, 11591165.Google Scholar
Park, J.H. & Kwon, Y.C. (1991). Modification of the mini-mental state examination for use with the elderly in a non-western society. Part I: Development of Korean version of mini-mental state examination. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 6, 875882.Google Scholar
Pauker, J.D. (1988). Constructing overlapping cell tables to maximize the clinical usefulness of normative data: Rationale and an example from neuropsychology. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 930933.Google Scholar
Rosen, W.G. (1980). Verbal fluency in aging and dementia. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2, 135146.Google Scholar
Welsh-Bohmer, K.A. & Mohs, R.C. (1997). Neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 49(Suppl. 3), S11S13.Google Scholar
Welsh, K., Butters, N., Mohs, R.C., Beekly, B.S., Edland, S., Fillenbaum, G., & Heyman, A. (1994). The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Part V: A normative study of the neuropsychological battery. Neurology, 44, 609614.Google Scholar
Woo, J.I., Lee, J.H., Yoo, K.Y., Kim, C.Y., Kim, Y.I., & Shin, Y.S. (1998). Prevalence estimation of dementia in a rural area of Korea. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 46, 983987.Google Scholar