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Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Response Selection Predicts Processing Speed Impairment in Schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2013

Neil D. Woodward ,
Brittney Duffy  and
Haleh Karbasforoushan
Neil D. Woodward*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
Brittney Duffy
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
Haleh Karbasforoushan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Neil D. Woodward, Psychiatric Neuroimaging & Psychotic Disorders Programs, Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital, Suite 3057, 1601 23rd Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37212 E-mail: neil.woodward@vanderbilt.edu
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Abstract

Processing speed is the most impaired neuropsychological domain in schizophrenia and a robust predictor of functional outcome. Determining the specific cognitive operations underlying processing speed dysfunction and identifying their neural correlates may assist in developing pro-cognitive interventions. Response selection, the process of mapping stimuli onto motor responses, correlates with neuropsychological tests of processing speed and may contribute to processing speed impairment in schizophrenia. This study investigated the relationship between behavioral and neural measures of response selection, and a neuropsychological index of processing speed in schizophrenia. Twenty-six patients with schizophrenia and 21 healthy subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning during performance of two- and four-choice reaction time (RT) tasks and completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS) Processing Speed Index (PSI). Response selection, defined as RT slowing between two- and four-choice RT, was impaired in schizophrenia and correlated with psychometric processing speed. Greater activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) was observed in schizophrenia and correlated with poorer WAIS PSI scores. Deficient response selection and abnormal recruitment of the dorsolateral PFC during response selection contribute to processing speed impairment in schizophrenia. Interventions that improve response selection and normalize dorsolateral PFC function may improve processing speed in schizophrenia. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–10)

Keywords

SchizophreniaExperimental psychologyIntelligencePrefrontal cortexFunctional MRI
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 19 , Issue 7 , August 2013 , pp. 782 - 791
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2013 

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