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Hippocampal Abnormalities in Youth with Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2014

Joanna Dudek ,
Jovanka Skocic ,
Erin Sheard  and
Joanne Rovet
Joanna Dudek
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
Jovanka Skocic
Affiliation:
Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
Erin Sheard
Affiliation:
Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
Joanne Rovet*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Joanne Rovet, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G1X8. E-mail: joanne.rovet@sickkids.ca
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Abstract

Individuals diagnosed with alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) exhibit difficulty on hippocampally mediated memory tasks and show reduced hippocampal size. However inconsistencies exist regarding the affected memory functions and where within the hippocampi effects occur. Given recent studies showing anterior and posterior segments support distinct memory functions and sex dimorphisms in hippocampal function, we asked whether these factors influence memory performance in youth with ARND (n = 18) and typically developing controls (n = 17). Participants received a battery of memory tests and a structural MRI scan. Right and left hippocampi were manually traced; anterior and posterior segments were delineated at the uncus. Measured were intracranial volumes (ICV) and right and left hippocampi and hippocampal segments. Volumes were adjusted for ICV. Relative to controls, the ARND group had lower IQs and memory performance on most tasks and marginally smaller ICVs. Left and right hippocampal volumes and posterior segments were smaller in the ARND group. Although no sex differences were observed between groups, females overall had larger anterior hippocampi than males. Positive and negative associations between hippocampal and selective memory indices were found in the ARND group only. These findings are the first to suggest that posterior hippocampal development may be compromised in youth with ARND. (JINS, 2014, 20, 181–191)

Keywords

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)Sex differencesHippocampusLearningMemoryAdolescence
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 20 , Issue 2 , February 2014 , pp. 181 - 191
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2014 

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