Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T04:37:32.668Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Social and linguistic aspects of Durham (eː)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 February 2009

Paul E. Kerswill
Affiliation:
(University of Durham)

Extract

Like many vocalic variables which have been described for other varieties of English, Durham (eː) is correlated with a range of factors, some linguistic, others non-linguistic; in this paper, some of these correlations are presented, (eː) is one of three ‘long’ or ‘tense’ vowels which are variably realized as pure monophthongs or as opening or centring diphthongs; it is represented by words of the lexical set gate, wait, day, etc. The other two vowels are (oː), which occurs in words such as bone, goat and toe, and (ɔː), which occurs in torn, shore, etc., and variably in such items as law, walk and all (in which it alternates with /ɑː/). These three vowels probably show rather similar patterns of variation; however, in this study only (eː) will be considered.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Journal of the International Phonetic Association 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Blom, J.-P. and Gumperz, J. (1972). Social meaning in linguistic structures: code switching in Norway. In Gumperz, J. and Hymes, D. 1972 Directions in Sociolinguistics. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
Boissevain, J. (1974). Friends of Friends: Networks, Manipulators and Coalitions. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Bott, E. (1971). Family and Social Networks (rev. ed.). London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Chambers, J. K. and Trudgill, P. (1980). Dialectology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chen, M. Y. and Wang, W. S.-Y. (1975). Sound change: actuation and implemen-taton. Language, 51:2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheshire, J. (1982). Variation in an English Dialect. A sociolinguistic study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cullum, J. (1982). Sociolinguistic characteristics of the speech of some Durham schoolchildren: a pilot study. Unpublished report, Department of English Language and Medieval Literature, University of Durham.Google Scholar
Douglas-Cowie, E. (1978). Linguistic codeswitching in a Northern Irish village: social interaction and social ambition. In Trudgill, P. (ed.) 1978.Google Scholar
Haber, A. and Runyon, R. P. (1977). General Statistics. London: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Jones, D. (1972). An Outline of English Phonetics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kerswlll, P. E. (1983). Linguistic variation in Durham: a model and some data. MS, Department of English Language and Medieval Literature, University of Durham.Google Scholar
Kolb, E. (1966). Phonological Atlas of the Northern Region. Bern: Francke Verlag.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1972a). Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1972b). Language in the Inner City. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press.Google Scholar
Mantel, N. and Haenszel, W. (1959). Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 22, 719748.Google ScholarPubMed
Milroy, J. (1976). Length and height variations in the vowels of Belfast vernacular. Belfast Working Papers in Language and Linguistics, 1:3.Google Scholar
Milroy, L. (1980). Language and Social Networks. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Orton, H. (1933). The Phonology of a South Durham Dialect. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co.Google Scholar
Orton, H. et al. (eds.) (19621971). Survey of English Dialects. Introduction; Basic Material (four volumes). Leeds: Arnold.Google Scholar
Reid, E. (1978). Social and stylistic variation in the speech of children: some evidence from Edinburgh. In Trudgill, P. (ed.) 1978.Google Scholar
Reid, I. (1981). Social Class Differences in Britain (2nd ed.). London: Grant McIntyre.Google Scholar
Trudgill, P. (1974). The Social Differentiation of English in Norwich. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Trudgill, P. (ed.) (1978). Sociolinguistic Patterns in British English. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Viereck, W. (1966). Phonematische Analyse des Dialekts von Gateshead-upon-Tyne/ Co. Durham. Hamburg: Cram, de Gruyter and Co.Google Scholar
Wells, J. C. (1982). Accents of English. vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar