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Effect of food availability on the growth and age determination of European sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum, 1792) larvae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 August 2021

Susana Garrido Open the ORCID record for Susana Garrido [Opens in a new window] ,
Susana Ferreira ,
Claudia Soares ,
Isabel Meneses ,
Nuria Baylina ,
Hugo Batista ,
Maria Alexandra Teodósio ,
António Miguel Piecho-Santos Open the ORCID record for António Miguel Piecho-Santos [Opens in a new window]  and
Pedro Ré
Susana Garrido*
Affiliation:
Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal MARE−Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
Susana Ferreira
Affiliation:
Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, P-8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Claudia Soares
Affiliation:
Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, P-8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Isabel Meneses
Affiliation:
Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal
Nuria Baylina
Affiliation:
Oceanário de Lisboa, Esplanada D Carlos I, 1900-005 Lisbon, Portugal
Hugo Batista
Affiliation:
Oceanário de Lisboa, Esplanada D Carlos I, 1900-005 Lisbon, Portugal
Maria Alexandra Teodósio
Affiliation:
Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, P-8005-139 Faro, Portugal
António Miguel Piecho-Santos
Affiliation:
Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, P-8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Pedro Ré
Affiliation:
MARE−Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
*
Author for correspondence: Susana Garrido, E-mail: susana.garrido@ipma.pt
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Abstract

Accurate assessment of age and growth of fish is essential to understand population dynamics, namely for age-structured stock assessment and for determining vital rates of fish (e.g. age at sexual maturity) and their relationship with environmental variability. To validate the daily deposition in the otoliths of European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) larvae, these were reared with a range of food densities translating into feeding rates extending from less than required for maintenance to saturated feeding levels. When exogenous feeding began, a high variability in the relationship between number of growth increments (GI) and elapsed days after hatching (dph) was observed, irrespective of the feeding treatment. GI counts using a light microscope were less than one per day for larvae <15 dph (ranging from 0.17–0.43 GI day−1) and similar for larvae reared with different food concentrations. The rate of GI count vs age was significantly higher for larvae older than 15 dph. GI count from 3–30 dph was lower than one per day (0.45–0.75 GI day−1 95% CI) for fed larvae 3–30 dph. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the daily deposition of GI and revealed some increment widths around 0.2 μm, particularly during the first week post-hatch. Otoliths of wild sardine larvae exhibited narrow GI (<0.5 μm) comparable with reared larvae. This study demonstrates that during the first weeks after hatch the daily increment deposition is underestimated using traditional light microscopy, which must be taken into account in future works determining wild sardine larval growth.

Keywords

Age validationdaily incrementEuropean sardine larvaeotolith microstructureSardina pilchardussmall pelagic fish
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 101 , Issue 3 , May 2021 , pp. 609 - 619
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

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