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New mechanisms in demosponge spicule formation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 June 2001

C.H.L. Schönberg
Affiliation:
Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Queensland 4810, Australia Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Department of Zoosystematics and Morphology, FB 7 - Biology, Geo- and Environmental Sciences, PF 2503, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany, E-mail: christine.schoenberg@mail.uni-oldenburg.de

Abstract

A new mechanism of demosponge spicule formation was recognized during taxonomic studies of bioeroding sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae: Clionidae). To date different spicule types have been explained by matching structures to their organic matrix, the axial thread. Bulbous structures, however, do not have an organic counterpart. Immature spicules of Cliona tinctoria and Pione caesia have irregular, rough heads. Higher magnification during scanning electron microscopy shows that silica granules are deposited regionally to form bulbs. Later silica secretion smoothens the bulb surface. Silica deposition in form of granules rather than in layers appears to be a structuring tool in tylostyles.

Type
Brief Report
Copyright
2001 Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

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