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Predation behaviour of millimetre-sized hydrozoan polyps on early ivory shell juveniles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 September 2020

Yulin Huang ,
Jingqiang Fu ,
Yutong Shi ,
Yunan Wang ,
Qi Cui  and
Xikun Song Open the ORCID record for Xikun Song [Opens in a new window]
Yulin Huang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, 4221 South Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
Jingqiang Fu
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, 4221 South Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
Yutong Shi
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, 4221 South Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
Yunan Wang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, 4221 South Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
Qi Cui
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, 4221 South Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
Xikun Song*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, 4221 South Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
*
Author for correspondence: Xikun Song, E-mail: xksong@xmu.edu.cn
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Abstract

Marine hydroids, the polyp stage of hydrozoans, are assumed to be carnivores and play an important role in benthic-pelagic coupling processes by regulating zooplankton populations and transferring energy. The known hydroid diets mainly consist of zooplankton as well as some benthic diatoms and metazoans, almost all of which have smaller dimensions than the polyp. In the present study, a large-scale breeding failure of the early juveniles of the ivory shell Babylonia areolata (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Babyloniidae) was found in a local aquaculture farm in Fujian, China in July 2018. About 640,000 out of 800,000 early juveniles (80%) died due to predation by a millimetre-sized colonial hydroid species that was initially overlooked. The hydrozoan species was identified as Eirene sp. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Eirenidae) via the integration of morphological and molecular data. A laboratory feeding experiment showed that the hydroid predation led to an overall mortality of ivory shell juveniles of up to 92.6% after 48 h. The predation process was observed in the laboratory and a video showing the entire process was prepared. This is the first report of hydroids preying on gastropod juveniles, revealing a previously unknown threat to mollusc aquaculture including ivory shells. Several management practices are suggested to mitigate this newly recognized threat.

Keywords

AquacultureBabylonia areolatacaptive breedingEirenefeeding behaviour
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 100 , Issue 6 , September 2020 , pp. 889 - 895
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2020

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