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Decline and recovery in cell population densities of Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) as a novel bloom driver for the species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 July 2021

Jerome Wai Kit Kok Open the ORCID record for Jerome Wai Kit Kok [Opens in a new window]  and
Sandric Chee Yew Leong
Jerome Wai Kit Kok*
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576
Sandric Chee Yew Leong
Affiliation:
St. John’s Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227
*
Author for correspondence:*Jerome Wai Kit Kok, Email: jerome.kok@nus.edu.sg
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Abstract

The frequency and intensity of harmful algal bloom (HAB) events have been increasing in many places around the world. Heterosigma akashiwo is a marine raphidophyte species known to cause HABs in many places across tropical and temperate climates. Studies of temperate strains have identified that H. akashiwo blooms are driven by mass activation of cysts which, for this species, can only form at <15°C temperatures. Although these temperatures do not occur in the tropics, there have been no comparative studies for tropical H. akashiwo. This study aimed to investigate whether tropical H. akashiwo can form cysts under warm temperatures, therefore having different responses from temperate strains. Results showed that tropical H. akashiwo were similar with temperate strains and could only form round cyst-like structures at 5°C but not 25°C. We also observed novel response of a decline and recovery in cell densities at 25°C. The decline was interrupted when the cultures were diluted, implying a tendency for H. akashiwo to rapidly spread and accumulate within surrounding waters, thereby facilitating blooms. This behaviour presents unique bloom concerns. Close monitoring of H. akashiwo distribution patterns is needed for better assessment of the bloom threat posed within tropical waters.

Keywords

harmful algal bloomsHeterosigma akashiwolightraphidophyteResting cellstemperaturetropical
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Tropical Ecology , Volume 37 , Issue 2 , March 2021 , pp. 91 - 97
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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