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INTERREGIONAL OBSIDIAN EXCHANGE DURING THE LATE INITIAL PERIOD AND EARLY HORIZON: NEW PERSPECTIVES FROM CAMPANAYUQ RUMI, PERU

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 November 2017

Yuichi Matsumoto ,
Jason Nesbitt ,
Michael D. Glascock ,
Yuri I. Cavero Palomino  and
Richard L. Burger
Yuichi Matsumoto*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Literature and Social Sciences, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
Jason Nesbitt*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
Michael D. Glascock
Affiliation:
Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
Yuri I. Cavero Palomino
Affiliation:
Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
Richard L. Burger
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
*
(Corresponding author: ymatsu@human.kj.yamagata-u.ac.jp)
(Corresponding author: jnesbitt@tulane.edu)
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Abstract

Campanayuq Rumi is a large civic-ceremonial center located in the south-central highlands of Peru. Founded in the late Initial Period (1100–800 BC), Campanayuq Rumi became an important center within the Chavín Interaction Sphere in the Early Horizon (ca. 800–400 BC). In particular, Campanayuq Rumi is significant because of its geographical proximity to Quispisisa, the most important and widely circulated obsidian source during the Early Horizon. Portable X-ray florescence (pXRF) was used to geochemically source a sample of 370 obsidian artifacts from Campanayuq Rumi. Though obsidian from Quispisisa dominates the assemblage throughout the site's history, diachronic analysis indicates that the diversity of obsidian sources increases markedly in the Campanayuq II Phase (700–450 BC). The pXRF data lead us to conclude that Campanayuq Rumi was the locus of obsidian distribution to other locations in highland and coastal Peru within the Chavín Interaction Sphere, and functioned as a regional center of worship and interaction.

Campanayuq Rumi es un centro cívico-ceremonial de grandes dimensiones localizado en la sierra centro-meridional del Perú. El sitio fue construido durante el período Inicial tardío (1100–800 aC) y se transformó en un centro ceremonial de gran importancia dentro de la esfera de interacción Chavín durante el horizonte Temprano (800–450 aC). Campanayuq Rumi es un sitio estratégico particularmente significativo por su proximidad a las canteras de Quispisisa, la fuente de obsidiana más importante en los Andes centrales, cuyos productos circularon extensivamente durante el horizonte Temprano. Se utilizó un espectrómetro de fluorescencia de rayos X portátil (pXRF, por sus siglas en inglés) para identificar geoquímicamente la proveniencia de una muestra de 370 artefactos de obsidiana recuperados en el sitio. Los resultados de estos análisis revelan que la obsidiana proveniente de Quispisisa constituye el mayor porcentaje de la muestra durante toda la historia del sitio. El análisis diacrónico indica también que la diversidad de fuentes de obsidiana incrementó considerablemente en la fase Campanayuq II (700–450 aC). Los datos de pXRF permiten llegar a la conclusión de que Campanayuq Rumi fue un lugar de distribución de obsidiana hacia otros lugares en la sierra y la costa del Perú dentro de la esfera de interacción Chavín, funcionando también como centro regional de veneración e interacción.

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Latin American Antiquity , Volume 29 , Issue 1 , March 2018 , pp. 44 - 63
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Copyright © 2017 by the Society for American Archaeology 

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