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People with Cloth: Mesoamerican Economic Change from the Perspective of Cotton in South-Central Veracruz

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Barbara L. Stark ,
Lynette Heller  and
Michael A. Ohnersorgen
Barbara L. Stark
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287
Lynette Heller
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287
Michael A. Ohnersorgen
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287
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Abstract

We examine the ways that textile production, exchange, and consumption were integrated into the political economy of the Gulf lowlands, Mexico, over the course of two millennia. Archaeological, botanical, and historical data concerning cotton textile production reveal that changes in the industry resulted from alterations in the cotton plant, shifts in the local political economy, and changes in the relationship of the Gulf lowlands to other key regions of Mesoamerica. Initially, textiles did not figure prominently in social displays, and there is little archaeological evidence for spinning of cotton thread. Subsequently, textile production may have been stimulated by elite substitution of locally crafted items for increasingly scarce exotic imports toward the end of Olmec times in the Preclassic period. The political and cultural stature of the Gulf lowlands increased during the Classic period in conjunction with a greater emphasis on cotton processing and use of textiles. During the Postclassic period, ruralization of once-key localities and possible conversion of the western lower Papaloapan Basin to a tributary status correlated with changes in the attributes of whorls and in representations of textiles.

En este artículo discutimos la manera en la que la producción, el intercambio y el consumo de textiles estuvieron integrados en la economía politíca de las tierras bajas del Golfo de México durante dos milenios. Los datos arqueológicos, botánicos e históricos relacionados con la producción de textiles de algodón indican que los cambios en la industria textil fueron el resultado de (1) algunas alteraciones en la planta misma, (2) cambios en la economía política local, y (3) cambios en la relación que debió existir entre las tierras bajas del Golfo y las otras regiones claves de Mesoamérica. En un principio, los textiles no parecen haber sido prominentes en los despliegues sociales, y hay poca evidencia arqueológica del hilado de algodón. Posteriormente, la producción textil pudo haberse estimulado por la substitución de artículos de fabricación local sobre los materiales exóticos importados que ya habían comenzado a ser escasos desde fines de la época olmeca en el horizonte Preclásico. Las tierras bajas del Golfo alcanzaron su papel político y cultural más eminente durante el horizonte Clásico, a la vez que también se observó un mayor énfasis en la producción del algodón y en el empleo de textiles. Durante el horizonte Posclásico, la marginalización del área de la cuenca oeste del bajo Papaloapan, la cual había sido antes un área clave, coincide con su posible conversión a una condición tributaria, y también con cambios en los atributos de los malacates y en las representaciones textiles.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 9 , Issue 1 , March 1998 , pp. 7 - 36
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1998

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