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Overcoming the Limits of Legal Opportunity Structures: LGBT Rights’ Divergent Paths in Costa Rica and Colombia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2019

Bruce M. Wilson  and
Camila Gianella-Malca
Bruce M. Wilson*
Affiliation:
Bruce M. Wilson is a professor of political science at the University of Central Florida and associated senior researcher at the Chr. Michelsen Institute, Norway.
Camila Gianella-Malca*
Affiliation:
Camila Gianella-Malca is a researcher at the Chr. Michelsen Institute, Norway.
*
Bruce.Wilson@ucf.edu
Camila.Gianella@cmi.no
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Abstract

Costa Rica and Colombia, two of the earliest Latin American countries to protect many LGBT rights, attempted to amplify those rights and litigate same-sex marriage (SSM) in mid-2000s; however, these attempts sparked a major anti-LGBT backlash by religious and conservative organizations. Yet a decade later, Colombia legalized SSM while Costa Rica still lacks the right to SSM. Using a most-similar systems comparative case study, this study engages the judicial politics literature to explain this divergent outcome. It details how courts, while staying receptive to many individual LGBT rights claims, deferred SSM legalization to popularly elected branches. In spite of the lack of legislative success in both countries, in Colombia a new litigation strategy harnessed that deference to craft a litigated route to legalized SSM. In Costa Rica, the courts’ lack of conditions or deadlines has left SSM foundering in the congress.

Keywords

ColombiaCosta RicaLGBT rightssame-sex marriage
Type
Research Article
Information
Latin American Politics and Society , Volume 61 , Special Issue 2: State Transformation and Participatory Politics in Latin America , May 2019 , pp. 138 - 163
Copyright
© University of Miami 2019 

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References

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