Focusing particularly on the moment of decolonization, in this article I look at the paradoxes attending the endurance of the statist framework in conceptualizing territorial self-determination as well as in curtailing it. A range of protagonists in the decolonization drama, from the departing colonial powers to Third World nationalists to international jurists, have all clung to the modern nation-state as the means through which self-determination is to be realized. Against the enduring hold of the state, this article tries to foreground the ways in which the statist paradigm prematurely forecloses the self-determination options available to the nomadic communities of Western Sahara, and cramps debates about boundary and uti possidetis in Burkina Faso and Mali. In this vein the received categories of the territorially bounded state reach into the postcolonial imagination to discipline, codify, and produce ‘independence’. At the same time, however, the difficulties confronted by the boundary delimitation process in Burkina Faso and Mali suggest that the reach of the territorially bounded state is limited. It is limited by the sub-national and transnational complexities of people's lives, but also by the indeterminacy of cartographic documentation and the complexities of colonial and postcolonial bureaucracies. Rather, it is argued that international law has a contradictory relationship with decolonization, desiring the self-determination of the former colonies, while also harnessing the decolonization project to fulfil its own desires, ‘to reproduce the law's assumptions regarding the ends of freedom’.I am indebted to Doris Sommers for this formulation.