Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T23:24:20.384Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Absence of anthraquinone pigments is paraphyletic and a phylogenetically unreliable character in the Teloschistaceae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 March 2012

Jan VONDRÁK ,
Jaroslav ŠOUN ,
Olga VONDRÁKOVແ ,
Alan M. FRYDAY ,
Alexander KHODOSOVTSEV  and
Evgeny A. DAVYDOV
Jan VONDRÁK
Affiliation:
Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05, Česke Budejovice, Czech Republic. Email: j.vondrak@seznam.cz
Jaroslav ŠOUN
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-370 05, Czech Republic.
Olga VONDRÁKOVແ
Affiliation:
Institute of Steppe(Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences), Pionerskaya st. 11, Orenburg, RF-460000, Russia.
Alan M. FRYDAY
Affiliation:
Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312, USA.
Alexander KHODOSOVTSEV
Affiliation:
Kherson State University, 40 Rokiv Zhovtnya str. 27, 73000 Kherson, Ukraine.
Evgeny A. DAVYDOV
Affiliation:
Altai State University, Lenin Ave. 61, Barnaul, RF-656049, Russia; Tigirek State Reserve, Nikitina, 111, Barnaul, RF-656043, Barnaul, Russia.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

It has been suggested that the absence of anthraquinones is not a synapomorphic character, but appears independently in unrelated lineages of Teloschistaceae. We analyzed ITS nrDNA regions in species of the genus Caloplaca and present evidence for five such examples: the Caloplaca cerina group, C. obscurella, the C. servitiana group, the C. xerica group and the C. variabilis group (Pyrenodesmia). In some cases, loss of anthraquinones is observed only in individuals within ordinarily pigmented populations, but sometimes the loss covers whole lineages containing one or more species. Both situations are observed in the C. servitiana group. Loss of anthraquinones is always followed by the synthesis of ‘alternative’ pigments (often Sedifolia-grey). In the specimens with anthraquinone-containing apothecia studied, these pigments are not visible in apothecial sections after dissolving anthraquinones in K. Fully unpigmented apothecia have not been observed.

The Caloplaca xerica group is a newly established, infraspecific grouping of species related to, and similar to, C. xerica. The Caloplaca servitiana group is also newly established and represents an isolated lineage covering two rather different, but related species. Caloplaca neotaurica is described here as a new species with apothecia of two colour variants; orange-red (with anthraquinones) and grey (with Sedifolia-grey).

The genus Huea represents another taxon lacking anthraquinones within Teloschistaceae. The genera Apatoplaca and Cephalophysis, which lack anthraquinones, are tentatively placed in Teloschistaceae, but their phylogenetic identity has not been recognized. Hueidea is reported to have no anthraquinones, but its secondary metabolites should be studied further and its possible placement in Teloschistaceae assessed.

We suggest that Caloplaca abbreviata var. lecideoides and C. celata represent variants of C. stillicidiorum lacking anthraquinones.

Keywords

ApatoplacaCaloplaca neotauricaCephalophysisHueaHueidealichensphylogenytaxonomyUV-radiation
Type
Research Article
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 44 , Issue 3 , May 2012 , pp. 401 - 418
Copyright
Copyright © British Lichen Society 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aptroot, A. (2001) Lichens from Gambia, with a new black-fruiting isidiate Caloplaca on savannah trees. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 22: 265–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arup, U. (2006) A new taxonomy of the Caloplaca citrina group in the Nordic countries, except Iceland. Lichenologist 38: 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arup, U. & Grube, M. (1999) Where does Lecanora demissa (Ascomycota, Lecanorales) belong? Lichenologist 31: 419–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arup, U., Arneng, E. & Søchting, U. (2007) Caloplaca fuscorufa—a misunderstood species in northern Europe. Lichenologist 39: 409–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouly de Lesdain, M. (1936) Notes lichénologiques. 29. Bulletin de la Societé Botanique de France 83: 5–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodge, C. W. & Baker, G. E. (1938) The Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition. Botany. II. Lichens and lichen parasites. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 25: 515–718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekman, S. (2001) Molecular phylogeny of the Bacidiaceae (Lecanorales, lichenized Ascomycota). Mycological Research 105: 783–797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fryday, A. M. (2011) How should we deal with the Antarctic and Subantarctic taxa published by Carroll William Dodge? Opuscula Philolichenum 9: 89–98.Google Scholar
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T. D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes. Application for the identification of mycorrhizae and rust. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gauslaa, Y. & McEvoy, M. (2005) Seasonal changes in solar radiation drive acclimation of the sun-screening compound parietin in the lichen Xanthoria parietina. Basic and Applied Ecology 6: 75–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaya, E.Navarro-Rosinés, P.Llimona, X.Hladun, N. & Lutzoni, F. (2008) Phylogenetic reassessment of the Teloschistaceae (lichen-forming Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes). Mycological Research 112: 528–546.Google Scholar
Hafellner, J. & Poelt, J. (1979) Die Arten der Gattung Caloplaca mit plurilocularen Sporen (Meroplacis, Triophthalmidium, Xanthocarpia). Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 46: 1–41.Google Scholar
Hansen, E. S., Poelt, J. & Søchting, U. (1987) Die Flechtengattung Caloplaca in Grönland. Meddelelser om Grønland, Bioscience 25: 1–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauck, M., Dulamsuren, C. & Mühlenberg, M. (2007) Lichen diversity on steppe slopes in the northern Mongolian mountain taiga and its dependence on microclimate. Flora 202: 530–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joshi, Y., Upreti, D. K. & Sati, S. C. (2008) Three new species of Caloplaca from India. Lichenologist 40: 535–541.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kantvilas, G. & McCarthy, P. M. (2003) Hueidea (Fuscideaceae), a new lichen genus from alpine Australia. Lichenologist 35: 397–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katoh, K., Kuma, K., Toh, H. & Miyata, T. (2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Research 30: 3059–3066.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kilias, H (1985) Cephalophysis (Hertel) Kilias gen. nov., eine weitere Gattung der Teloschistaceae mit einzelligen Sporen. Herzogia 7: 181–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kondratyuk, S. Y., Kärnefelt, I., Elix, J. A. & Thell, A. (2007) New species of the genus Caloplaca in Australia. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 95: 341–386.Google Scholar
Kondratyuk, S. Y., Kärnefelt, I., Elix, J. A. & Thell, A. (2009) Contributions to the Teloschistaceae, with particular reference to the Southern Hemisphere. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 100: 207–282.Google Scholar
Lederer, M. (1896) Einige für Bayern neue Flechten. Berichte der Bayerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft 4: 26–30.Google Scholar
Lendemer, J. C., Knudsen, K. & Fryday, A. M. (2010) New and interesting lichens, lichenicolous and allied fungi from Yosemite National Park, California, U.S.A. Opuscula Philolichenum 8: 107–120.Google Scholar
Magnusson, A. H. (1950) On some species of Blastenia and Caloplaca with black apothecia. Botaniska Notiser 1950(3): 369–386.Google Scholar
Meyer, B. & Printzen, C. (2000) Proposal for a standardized nomenclature and characterization of insoluble lichen pigments. Lichenologist 32: 571–583.Google Scholar
Muggia, L., Grube, M. & Tretiach, M. (2008) A combined molecular and morphological approach to species delimitation in black-fruited, endolithic Caloplaca: high genetic and low morphological diversity. Mycological Research 112: 36–49.Google Scholar
Nylander, J. A. A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University (http://www.abc.se/wnylander/mrmodeltest2/mrmodeltest2.html).Google Scholar
Øvstedal, D. O. & Lewis Smith, R. I. (2001) Lichens of Antarctica and South Georgia: A Guide to Their Identification and Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Poelt, J. (1955) Mitteleuropäische Flechten III. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München 2(12): 46–56.Google Scholar
Poelt, J. (1975) Mitteleuropaische Flechten X. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München 12: 1–32.Google Scholar
Poelt, J. & Hafellner, J. (1980) Apatoplaca – genus novum Teloschistacearum (Lichenes). Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München 16: 503–528.Google Scholar
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2003) MrBAYES 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, C. W., Aptroot, A., Coppins, B. J., Fletcher, A., Gilbert, O. L., James, P. W. & Wolseley, P. A. (eds) (2009) The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. London: British Lichen Society.Google Scholar
Søchting, U. (1973) Anatomical and cytological characteristics of unpigmented Caloplaca verruculifera from Denmark. Botanisk Tidsskrift 68: 152–156.Google Scholar
Søchting, U. (1989) Lignicolous species of the lichen genus Caloplaca from Svalbard. Opera Botanica 100: 241–257.Google Scholar
Søchting, U. (1997) Two major anthraquinone chemosyndromes in Teloschistaceae. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 68: 135–144.Google Scholar
Søchting, U. (2001) Chemosyndromes with chlorinated anthraquinones in the lichen genus Caloplaca. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 78: 395–404.Google Scholar
Søchting, U. & Frödén, P. (2002) Chemosyndromes in the lichen genus Teloschistes (Teloschistaceae, Lecanorales). Mycological Progress 1: 257–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Søchting, U. & Øvstedal, D. O. (1998) Caloplaca lewis-smithii, a new lichen species from continental Antarctica. Mycotaxon 69: 447–451.Google Scholar
Søchting, U., Øvstedal, D. O. & Sancho, L. G. (2004) The lichens of Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetlands, Antarctica. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 88: 607–658.Google Scholar
Søchting, U., Lorentsen, L. B. & Arup, U. (2008) The lichen genus Caloplaca (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes) on Svalbard. Notes and additions. Nova Hedwigia 87: 69–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solhaug, K. A., Gauslaa, Y., Nybakken, L. & Bilger, W. (2003) UV-induction of sun-screening pigments in lichens. New Phytologist 158: 91–100.Google Scholar
Šoun, J., Vondrák, J., Søchting, U., Hrouzek, P., Khodosovtsev, A. & Arup, U. (2011) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Caloplaca cerina group in Europe. Lichenologist 43: 113–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tretiach, M. & Muggia, L. (2006) Caloplaca badioreagens, a new calcicolous, endolithic lichen from Italy. Lichenologist 38: 223–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tretiach, M., Pinna, D. & Grube, M. (2003) Caloplaca erodens [sect. Pyrenodesmia], a new lichen species from Italy with an unusual thallus type. Mycological Progress 2: 127–136.Google Scholar
Vondrák, J., Khodosovtsev, A. & Říha, P. (2008) Caloplaca concreticola (Teloschistaceae), a new species from anthropogenic substrata in Eastern Europe. Lichenologist 40: 97–104.Google Scholar
Vondrák, J., Říha, P., Arup, U. & Søchting, U. (2009) The taxonomy of the Caloplaca citrina group (Teloschistaceae) in the Black Sea region; with contributions to the cryptic species concept in lichenology. Lichenologist 41: 571–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vondrák, J., Khodosovtsev, A., Lőkös, L. & Merkulova, O. (2010 a) The identity of type specimens in BP of some names in Caloplaca. Mycotaxon 111: 241–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vondrák, J., Šoun, J., Sogaard, M., Søchting, U. & Arup, U. (2010 b) Caloplaca phlogina, a lichen with two facies; an example of infraspecific variability resulting in the description of a redundant species. Lichenologist 42: 685–692.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wetmore, C. M. (1994) The lichen genus Caloplaca in North and Central America with brown or black apothecia. Mycologia 86: 813–838.Google Scholar
Wetmore, C. M. (1996) The Caloplaca sideritis group in North and Central America. Bryologist 99: 292–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, T. J., Bruns, T. D., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal DNA genes for phylogenies. In PCR Protocols: a Guide to Methods and Applications (Innis, M. A., Gelfand, D. H., Sninsky, J. J. & White, T. J., eds): 315–322. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Wunder, H. (1974) Schwartzfrüchtige, saxicole Sippen der Gattung Caloplaca (Lichenes, Teloschistaceae) in Mitteleuropa, dem Mittelmeergebiet und Vorderasien. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 3: 1–186.Google Scholar
Xahidin, H., Abbas, A. & Wei, J.-C. (2010) Caloplaca tianshanensis (lichen-forming Ascomycota), a new species of subgenus Pyrenodesmia from China. Mycotaxon 114: 1–6.Google Scholar