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Historical biogeography of the lichenized fungal genus Hypotrachyna (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota): insights into the evolutionary history of a pantropical clade

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 May 2018

Paloma CUBAS ,
H. Thorsten LUMBSCH ,
Ruth DEL PRADO ,
Zuzana FERENCOVA ,
Nestor L. HLADUN ,
Victor J. RICO  and
Pradeep K. DIVAKAR
Paloma CUBAS
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
H. Thorsten LUMBSCH
Affiliation:
Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
Ruth DEL PRADO
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
Zuzana FERENCOVA
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
Nestor L. HLADUN
Affiliation:
Departament de Biologia Vegetal (Botànica), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Victor J. RICO
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
Pradeep K. DIVAKAR*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
*
(corresponding author): Email: pdivakar@farm.ucm.es
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Abstract

Hypotrachyna is a speciose genus of primarily tropical and oceanic lichen-forming fungi. It includes species with distinct distribution patterns, such as pantropical, restricted and disjunct species. We used a dataset of mitochondrial SSU, nuclear ITS and LSU ribosomal DNA from 89 specimens to study the historical biogeography of the genus. We employed Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches for phylogenetic analyses, a likelihood-based approach to ancestral area estimation, and a Bayesian approach to estimate divergence times of major lineages within the genus based on molecular evolutionary rates for ITS and a secondary calibration point at the Hypotrachyna clade – Parmeliopsis split. Our analyses suggest that the genus might have originated in the Neotropics during the Eocene and that the split of major lineages happened primarily during the Eocene and Oligocene. The major diversification within those clades is estimated to have occurred during the Miocene. Pantropical species distributions are explained by long-distance dispersal. A number of currently accepted species were found to be non-monophyletic, illustrating that the delimitation of species in the genus needs attention.

Keywords

ancestral areasdistributionNeotropicsparmelioid lichensphylogeny
Type
Articles
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 50 , Issue 3 , May 2018 , pp. 283 - 298
Copyright
© British Lichen Society, 2018 

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