Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-l4dxg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-15T17:01:14.574Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

3.4 DEPOSIT AND DISTRIBUTION OF TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM RILEY FOLLOWING AERIAL RELEASE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

S.M. Smith ,
D.R. Wallace ,
J.E. Laing ,
G.M. Eden  and
S.A. Nicholson
S.M. Smith
Affiliation:
Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B3
D.R. Wallace
Affiliation:
Forestry Canada, Ontario Region, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
J.E. Laing
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
G.M. Eden
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
S.A. Nicholson
Affiliation:
Pestechcon Inc., King City, Ontario, Canada L0G 1K0
Get access

Abstract

The egg parasitoid, Trichogramma minutum Riley, was distributed by helicopter over forest stands near Hearst, Ont., to control the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens). The quality of the parasitoids in terms of emergence, proportion of females, longevity, and fecundity was not affected by aerial release. Based on monitoring with deposit cards, at 10 m above ground, the helicopter had an effective swath width of ca. 10 m. Aerial release provided an uneven distribution of deposit on 1.0-ha plots, with significantly less parasitized material reaching the outer edges of each plot than in the centre; parasitism of sentinel egg masses within the plots corresponded to the distribution of deposit. Over 50% of the released material was deposited on the ground. Drift outside the plots was generally less than 25 m, never exceeding 100 m. The extent of drift was dependent on the application technique, and to a lesser extent, wind direction. Deposit cards provided an extensive rather than an intensive sampling method for monitoring the aerial distribution of T. minutum.

Résumé

Le parasitoïde des oeufs, Trichogramma minutum Riley, a été distribué par hélicoptère au-dessus des terrains forestiers près de Hearst, Ont., pour maîtriser la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens). La qualité des parasitoïdes en fonction d'éclosion, de proportion de femelles, de longévité et de fécondité n'a pas été touchée par le relâchement aérien. Selon le contrôle sur les cartes de dépôt, à 10 m au-dessus de la terre, l'hélicoptère a eu une bande d'efficacité d'une largeur de ca. 10 m. Le relâchement aérien a donné une distribution de dépôt inégale aux lotissements de terre de 1,0 ha, fournissant significativement moins de matières parasitées autour des bords qu'au centre de chaque lot; le parasitisme des masses d'oeufs posées en sentinelles en dedans des lots ont été en conformité à la distribution des matières déposées. Au-dessus de 50% des matières relâchées ont été déposées à terre. La diffusion en dehors des lots a été généralement moins de 25 m et n'a jamais excédé 100 m. L'étendue de la diffusion dépendait de la technique d'applicage, et à un degré moindre à la direction du vent. Les cartes de dépôt n'ont fourni qu'une méthode extensive pour contrôler la distribution aérienne de T. minutum.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 122 , Supplement S153 , 1990 , pp. 45 - 55
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ables, J.R., Reeves, B.G., Morrison, R.K., Kinzer, R.T., Jones, S.L., Ridgway, R.L., and Bull, D.L.. 1979. Methods of the field release of insect parasites and predators. Trans. Am. Soc. agric. Engng. 18: 59–62.Google Scholar
Beglyarov, G.A., and Smetnik, A.T.. 1977. Seasonal colonization of entomophages in the USSR. In Ridgway., R.L., and Vinson, S.B. (Eds.), Biological Control by Augmentation of Natural Enemies. Plenum Press, New York. 480 pp.Google Scholar
Bouse, L.F., Carlton, J.B., and Morrison, R.K.. 1980. Aerial application of insect egg parasites. Trans. Am. Soc. agric. Engng. 24: 26–39.Google Scholar
Duncan, D.B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11: 1–41.Google Scholar
Fleming, R.L., Foreman, F.F., and Régnière, J.. 1985. Black spruce seed distribution with the Brohm seeder/Piper PA-18A aircraft combination. Can. For. Ser., Great Lakes Forestry Centre Inform. Rep. 0-X-370. 24 pp.Google Scholar
Gross, H.R. Jr.,, Harrell, E.A., Lewis, W.J., and Nordlund, D.A.. 1981. Trichogramma spp.: Concurrent ground application of parasitized eggs, supplemental Heliothis zea host eggs, and host-seeking stimuli. J. econ. Ent. 74: 227–229.Google Scholar
Houseweart, M.W., Jennings, D.T., and Lawrence, R.K.. 1984. Field releases of Trichogramma minutum (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) for suppression of epidemic spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lep.: Tortricidae), egg populations in Maine. Can. Ent. 116: 1357–1366.Google Scholar
Howse, G., and Applejohn, M.. 1983. Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in Ontario, Fall 1983. Great Lakes For. Ctr., Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., Canada.Google Scholar
Jones, S.L., Morrison, R.K., Ables, J.R., Bouse, L.F., Carlton, J.B., and Bull, D.L.. 1979. New techniques for the aerial release of Trichogramma pretiosum. Southwest. Ent. 4: 14–19.Google Scholar
Jones, S.L., Morrison, R.K., Ables, J.R., and Bull, D.L.. 1977. A new and improved technique for the field release of Trichogramma pretiosum. Southwest. Ent. 2: 210–215.Google Scholar
Joyce, R.J.V. 1985. Application from the air. In Haskell, P.T. (Ed.), Application: Principles and Practice. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 494 pp.Google Scholar
Li, L.Y. 1983. Research and Utilization of Trichogramma in China. Guangdong Entomological Institute Publication. 21 pp.Google Scholar
Ostle, B., and Mensing, R.W.. 1975. Statistics in Research. Iowa State University Press, Ames. 595 pp.Google Scholar
Pas'ko, A.K., Barobash, A.V., Grinberg, A.M., Vorotyntseva, A.F, Boubetryn, I.N., and Pynzar, B.V.. 1982. Aerial distribution of Trichogramma. Zashchita Rastenii. 7: 17.Google Scholar
Sanders, C.J. 1980. A summary of current techniques used for sampling spruce budworm populations and estimating defoliation in Eastern Canada. Can. For. Ser. Rep. 0-X-306.Google Scholar
Smith, S.M. 1985. Feasibility of using the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma minutum Riley, for biological control of the spruce budworm. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.221 pp.Google Scholar
Smith, S.M. 1988. Pattern of attack on spruce budworm egg masses by Trichogramma minutum (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) released in forest stands. Environ. Ent. 17: 1009–1015.Google Scholar
Smith, S.M., Hubbes, M., and Carrow, J.R.. 1987. Ground releases of Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) against the spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Ent. 119: 251–263.Google Scholar
Sokhta, A.A., Khakhimov, A.Kh., Ergashev, K., and Medvedev, S.R.. 1984. Mechanization of release of Trichogramma in cotton. Zashchita Rastenii. 4: 34.Google Scholar