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GENERIC REVISION OF PHORIDAE OF THE NEARCTIC REGION AND PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF PHORIDAE, SCIADOCERIDAE, AND IRONOMYIIDAE (DIPTERA: PHORIDEA)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Brian V. Brown
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Abstract

The Nearctic Region genera of Phoridae are revised, and it is shown that the current classification into three subfamilies is inadequate. The hypothesis that the most closely related taxa to the Phoridae are the Sciadoceridae and Ironomyiidae is supported. Use of these outgroups to polarize character states in the Phoridae allows the reorganization of this family into five subfamilies: Hypocerinae, Phorinae, Aenigmatiinae, Conicerinae, and Metopininae. The newly re-defined Phorinae is the adelphotaxon (sister-group) of the Aenigmatiinae + Conicerinae + Metopininae, among which the relationships are unresolved. The hypocerines are the adelphotaxon of all other extant Phoridae. Within the Hypocerinae the relationships of the 15 included world genera are hypothesized, and three new genera are proposed. The relationships of the eight world phorine genera are only partly resolved. The Aenigmatiinae is organized into two tribes: Aenigmatiini and Diplonevrini. The relationships of the seven world genera of Diplonevrini are hypothesized, whereas those of the Aenigmatiini are not discussed. The six world conicerine genera are revised and their relationships hypothesized. In the Metopininae, two major groups are recognized, the Metopina-group and the Megaselia-group. Beckerina Malloch is the adelphotaxon of these two groups, whereas Rhopica Schmitz and Triphleba Rondani are successive outgroups of all metopinines. The Metopina-group is mostly tropical in distribution and is not discussed further. The Megaselia-group is partially organized into the Gymnophora-subgroup and the Apocephalus-subgroup. Species-level revisions of genera are needed before further progress can be made in this family, because the distribution of character states is insufficiently known. Genera in great need of revision include Peromitra Enderlein, Chaetopleurophora Schmitz, Megaselia Rondani, and Apocephalus Coquillett.

Résumé

Les genres de Phoridae de la région néarctique ont fait l'objet d'une révision au cours de laquelle il s'est avéré que la classification classique en trois sous-familles n'était pas adéquate. L'hypothèse selon laquelle les Sciadoceridae et les Ironomyiidae constituent les taxons les plus apparentés des Phoridae a pu être vérifiée. L'utilisation de ces groupes externes pour établir les caractères des Phoridae a permis de réorganiser la famille en cinq sous-familles : les Hypocerinae, les Phorinae, les Aenigmatiinae, les Conicerinae et les Metopininae. Les Phorinae, tels que redéfinis ici, constituent l'adelphotaxon (groupe-soeur) des Aenigmatiinae + Conicerinae + Metopininae, entre lesquels les relations n'ont pu être clarifiées. Les Hypocerinae forment l'adelphotaxon de tous les autres Phoridae actuels. Chez les Hypocerinae, les relations entre les 15 genres mondiauz inclus ici font l'objet d'une hypothèse et trois nouveaux genres sont proposés. Les relations entre les huit genres mondiaux de Phorinae ne peuvent être que partiellement clarifiées. Les Aenigmatiinae sont organisés en deux tribus : les Aenigmatiini et les Diplonevrini. Une hypothèse est proposée au sujet des relations entre les sept genres mondiaux de Diplonevrini, mais chez les Aenigmatiini les relations ne sont pas définies. Les six genres de Conicerinae sont révisés les relations entre eux sont examinées. Chez les Metopininae, deux groupes principaux sont reconnus : le groupe Metopina et le groupe Megaselia. Beckerina Malloch est l'adelphotaxon de ces deux groupes, alors que Rhopica Schmitz et Triphleba Rondani sont des groupes externes successifs de tous les Metopininae. Le groupe Metopina a une répartition surtout tropicale et il n'est pas étudié ici. Le groupe Megaselia est partiellement organisé en deux sous-groupes, le sous-groupe Gymnophora et le sous-groupe Apocephalus. Des révisions au niveau spécifique s'imposent pour qu'il soit possible de comprendre davantage les relations au sein de la famille, car la répartition des caractères n'est pas suffisamment connue. Les genres suivants nécessitent une révision majeure : Peromitra Enderlein, Chaetopleurophora Schmitz, Megaselia Rondani et Apocephalus Coquillett. [Traduit par la rédaction]

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 124 , Supplement S164 , 1992 , pp. 3 - 144
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1992

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