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Orogenesis, high-T thermal events, and gold vein formation within metamorphic rocks of the Alaskan Cordillera

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

R. J. Goldfarb ,
L. W. Snee  and
W. J. Pickthorn
R. J. Goldfarb
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, M.S. 973, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, U.S.A.
L. W. Snee
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, M.S. 973, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, U.S.A.
W. J. Pickthorn
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, U.S.A.
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Abstract

Mesothermal, gold-bearing quartz veins are widespread within allochthonous terranes of Alaska that are composed dominantly of greenschist-facies metasedimentary rocks. The most productive lode deposits are concentrated in south-central and southeastern Alaska; small and generally nonproductive gold-bearing veins occur upstream from major placer deposits in interior and northern Alaska. Oreforming fluids in all areas are consistent with derivation from metamorphic devolatilisation reactions, and a close temporal relationship exists between high-T tectonic deformation, igneous activity, and gold mineralization. Ore fluids were of consistently low salinity, CO2-rich, and had δ18O values of 7‰- 12‰ and δD values between −15‰ and −35‰. Upper-crustal temperatures within the metamorphosed terranes reached at least 450-500°C before onset of significant gold-forming hydrothermal activity. Within interior and northern Alaska, latest Paleozoic through Early Cretaceous contractional deformation was characterised by obduction of oceanic crust, low-T/high-P metamorphism, and a lack of gold vein formation. Mid-Cretaceous veining occurred some 50-100 m.y. later, during a subsequent high-T metamorphic/magmatic event, possibly related to extension and uplift. In southern Alaska, gold deposits formed during latter stages of Tertiary, subduction-related, collisional orogenesis and were often temporally coeval with calc-alkaline magmatism.

Keywords

mesothermal goldAlaskafluid inclusionstable isotopegeochronologyorogensis
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 57 , Issue 388 , September 1993 , pp. 375 - 394
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1993

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