Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T13:43:35.542Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Th-rich loparite from the Khibina alkaline complex, Kola Peninsula: isomorphism and paragenesis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

Roger H. Mitchell  and
Anton R. Chakhmouradian
Roger H. Mitchell
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5El, Canada
Anton R. Chakhmouradian
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5El, Canada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Th-rich (up to 18.4 wt% ThO2) loparite occurs as an accessory phase in foyaite pegmatites at Mt. Eveslogchorr, Khibina complex, Russia. It is associated with aegirine, astrophyllite, eudialyte, lorenzenite, lamprophyllite, magnesio-arfvedsonite and gerasimovskite. Loparite crystals are zoned from niobian loparite (core) to niobian thorian and thorian niobian loparite (rim). Th-enrichment is accompanied by a decrease in Na, LREE, Sr and increase in A-site vacancies. The most Th-rich composition approaches (Na0.39LREE0.19Th0.12Ca0.05Sr0.02)Σ0.77(Ti0.76Nb0.27)Σ1.03O3. The mineral is partly or completely metamict and after annealing gives an X-ray diffraction powder pattern similar to that of synthetic NaLaTi2O6 and naturally occurring loparite of different composition. For the Th-rich rim sample, the five strongest diffraction lines (Å) are: 2.72 (100) 110, 1.575 (60) 211, 1.925 (40), 1.368 (30) 220, 1.222 (20) 310; a = 3.867(2) Å. The X-ray diffraction patterns do not exhibit peak splitting or other diffraction lines typical of low-symmetry and ordered perovskite-type structures. Composition determinations, infrared transmission spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry show that thorian loparite is partly replaced by betafite with LREE and Th as dominant A-site cations (‘ceriobetafite’). Some loparite samples also exhibit thin replacement mantles of belyankinite with high LREE2O3 and ThO2 contents. Both ‘ceriobetafite’ and belyankinite were formed due to metasomatic alteration of loparite.

Keywords

loparitebetafitebelyankinitenepheline-syenite pegmatiteKhibina alkaline complexKola PeninsulaRussia
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 62 , Issue 3 , June 1998 , pp. 341 - 353
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Balić Žunić, T., Šćavničar, S and Grobenski, Z. (1984) The structure of thorium (IV) dititanium (IV) oxide, ThTi2O6 . Croat. Chem. Acta, 57, 645–51.Google Scholar
Belous, A.G., Novitskaya, G.N., Gavrilova, L.G., Polyanetskaya, S.V. and Makarova, Z.Ya. (1985) Lanthanum titanate-zirconates with the perovskite structure. Sov. Prog. Chem., 51, 13–15.Google Scholar
Borodin, L.S. (1954) On accommodation of water in the crystal lattice of perovskite-group minerals. Doklady AN SSSR, 95, (in Russian), 873–5.Google Scholar
Borodin, L.S. and Kazakova, M.E. (1954) Irinite – a new mineral from the perovskite group. Doklady AN SSSR, 97, (in Russian), 725–8.Google Scholar
Chakhmouradian, A.R. and Mitchell, R.H. (1997) Compositional variation of perovskite-group minerals from the carbonatite complexes of the Kola Alkaline Province,, Russia. Canad. Mineral., 35, 1293–310.Google Scholar
Chakhmouradian, A.R. and Mitchell, R.H. (1998) Compositional variation of perovskite-group minerals from the Khibina alkaline complex, Kola Peninsula. Canad. Mineral., 36, (in press).Google Scholar
Filatov, S.K. and Frank-Kamenetskii, V.A. (1969) Structural characteristics of cubic ZrO2 stabilized by calcium. Sov. Phys. Cryst., 14, 414–5.Google Scholar
Galakhov, A.V. (1975) The petrology of the Khibina Alkaline Massif. Nauka Press, Leningrad, (in Russian), 256 pp.Google Scholar
Gerasimovskii, V.I. and Kazakova, M.E. (1950) Belyankinite – a new mineral. Doklady AN SSSR, 71, (in Russian), 925–7.Google Scholar
Grunin, V.S., Razumenko, M.V., Patrina, I.V., Filatov, S.K. and Alekseyeva, T.V. (1983) Mode of existence and abundance of TiO2-rutile, anatase and brookite. Doklady Earth Sci. Sect., 268, 149–50.Google Scholar
Haggerty, S.E. and Mariano, A.N. (1983) Strontianloparite and strontio-chevkinite: two new minerals in rheomorphic fenites from the Parana Basin carbonatites, South America. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 84, 365–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogarth, D.D. (1961) A study of pyrochlore and betafite. Canad. Mineral., 6, 610–33.Google Scholar
Hogarth, D.D. (1989) Pyrochlore, apatite and amphibole: distinctive minerals in carbonatites. In: Carbonatites (Bell, K., ed), Unwyn Hyman, London, 105–48.Google Scholar
Kapustin, Yu.L. (1989) Rare earth-bearing pyrochlore from peralkaline pegmatites of the Khibina massif. New data on minerals (Trudy Mineral. Muz. AN SSSR), 36, (in Russian), 155–61.Google Scholar
Keller, C. (1965) Die Reaktion der Dioxide der Elemente Thorium bis Americium mit Niob- und Tantalpentoxid (The reaction of dioxides of the elements from thorium to americium with niobium and tantalum pentoxides). J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 27, 1233–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Orlova, M.P. and Woolley, A.R. (1995 ) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 2: Former USSR. Chapman&Hall, London U.K., 226 pp.Google Scholar
Kostyleva-Labuntsova, E.E., Borutskii, B.E., Sokolova, M.N., Shliukova, Z.V., Dorfman, M.D., Dudkin, O.B., Kozyreva, L.V. and Ikorskii, S.V. (1978a) The Mineralogy of the Khibina Massif. Vol. 1. Nauka Press, Moscow, (in Russian), 228 p.Google Scholar
Kostyleva-Labuntsova, E.E., Borutskii, B.E., Sokolova, M.N., Shliukova, Z.V., Dorfman, M.D., Dudkin, O.B., Kozyreva, L.V. and Ikorskii, S.V. (1978b) The Mineralogy of the Khibina Massif. Vol. 2. Nauka Press, Moscow, (in Russian), 588 p.Google Scholar
Kovba, L.M. and Trunov, V.K. (1962) Double oxides containing tungsten, tantalum, or niobium. Doklady AN SSSR, 147, (in Russian), 622–4.Google Scholar
Kozyreva, L.V. (1990) Aegirine-feldspar veins in the north-eastern part of the Khibina massif. In: Alkaline Magmatism in the North-eastern Part of the Baltic Shield, Kola Sci. Centre Press, Apatity, (in Russian), 42–56.Google Scholar
Kozyreva, L.V., Men’shikov, Yu.P. and Lednev, A.I. (1991) Loparite mineralization of the Khibina massif. In: New Data on the Rare-metal Mineralogy of the Kola Peninsula, Kola Sci. Centre Press, Apatity, (in Russian), 37–44.Google Scholar
Krivokoneva, G.K. and Sidorenko, G.A. (1971) The essence of the metamict transformation in pyrochlores. Geochem. Int., 1971, 113–22.Google Scholar
Kukharenko, A.A. & Bagdasarov, E.A. (1961 ) Perovskite from ultramafic-alkaline rocks of the Kola Peninsula. Trudy VSEGEI, 45, (in Russian), 37–66.Google Scholar
Labeau, M. and Joubert, J.C. (1978) Etude cristallochimique des phases de type perovskite du systeme Th0.25NbO3–NaNbO3 (A crystal-chemical study of perovskite-type phases of the system Th0.25NbO3–NaNbO3). J. Solid State Chem., 25, 347–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lupini, L., Williams, C.T. and Woolley, A.R. (1992) Zr-rich garnet and Zr- and Th-rich perovskite from the Polino carbonatite, Italy. Mineral. Mag., 56, 581–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, R.H. (1996) Perovskites: a revised classification scheme for an important rare earth element host in alkaline rocks. In: Rare Earth Minerals: Chemistry, Origin and Ore Deposits (Jones, A.P., Wall, F. and Williams, C.T., eds), Chapman & Hall, London, 41–76.Google Scholar
Mitchell, R.H. and Chakhmouradian, A.R. (1996) Compositional variation of loparite from the Lovozero alkalin e complex, Russia. Canad. Mineral., 34, 977–90.Google Scholar
Mitchell, R.H. and Vladykin, N.V. (1993) Rare earth element-bearing tausonite and potassium barium titanates from the Little Murun potassic alkaline complex, Yakutia, Russia. Mineral. Mag., 57, 651–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, R.H., Chakhmouradian, A.R. and Yakovenchuk, V.N. (1996) “Nioboloparite“: a reinvestigation and discreditation. Canad. Mineral., 34, 991–9.Google Scholar
Náray-Szabó, I. (1947) The perovskite-structure family. Muegyet. Közlem., 1947, 30–41.Google Scholar
Nyquist, R.A. and Kagel, R.O. (1971) Infrared Spectra of Inorganic Compounds (3800–45 cm−1). Academic Press, New York, 495 pp.Google Scholar
Parker, R.L. and Sharp, W.N. (1970) Mafic-ultramafic igneous rocks and associated carbonatites of the Gem Park Complex, Custer and Fremont Counties, Colorado. US Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, 649, 24 p.Google Scholar
Pilipenko, A.T., Shevchenko, L.L. and Patseliuk, V.A. (1971) Infrared spectra of some niobium minerals. Zh. Prikl. Spektr. (J. Appl. Spectr. ), 14, (in Russian), 638–43.Google Scholar
Ruh, R. and Wadsley, A.D. (1966) The crystal structure of ThTi2O6 (brannerite). Acta Cryst., 21, 974–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Semenov, E.I. (1957) Oxides and hydroxides of titanium and niobium in the Lovozero alkaline massif. Trudy IMGRE, 1, (in Russian), 41–59. Abstracted in Amer. Mineral. (1958), 43, 1220–1.Google Scholar
Shannon, R.D. (1976) Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Cryst., A32, 751–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shilin, L.L., Burova, T.A. and Dmitrieva, M.T. (1966) Accessory pyrochlore in pegmatites of the Khibiny Tundra. In: Alkaline Rocks of the Kola Peninsula, Kola Sci. Centre Press, Apatity, (in Russian), 93–8.Google Scholar
Smirnova, N.L. and Belov, N.V. (1969) Isomorphism and related concepts in the light of crystal chemistry. Geokhim., 1969, (in Russian), 1291–301.Google Scholar
Smith, A.J. and Welch, A.J.E. (1960) Some mixed metal oxides of perovskite structure. Acta Cryst., 13, 653–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sniatkova, O.L., Proniagin, N.I., Markitakhina, T.M. and Efstaf’ev, A.S. (1986) New data on the structural position of urtite-ijolite-melteigites in nepheline syenites of the Khibina massif. In: Deposits of Non-metallic Mineral Resources in the Kola Peninsula, Kola Sci. Centre Press, Apatity, (in Russian), 11–17.Google Scholar
Sych, A.M., Belokon’, A.T., Dem’yanenko, V.P. and Eremenko, L.A. (1973) Vibration spectra of perovskite-structure rare-earth niobates. Ukrain. Phys. Zh. (Ukrain. J. Phys.), 18, (in Russian), 787–92.Google Scholar
Tikhonenkova, R.P., Kazakova, M.E. and Kataeva, Z.T. (1982) Chemistry of accessory loparite from alkaline rocks and its genetic significance. In: Accessory Minerals of Magmatic and Metamorphic Rocks, Nauka Press, Moscow, (in Russian), 150–61.Google Scholar
Trunov, V.K. and Kovba, L.M. (1963) X-ray analysis of thorium tungstate and molybdenate. Vest. Mosk. Univ., Ser. II Khim., 18, (in Russian), 60–3.Google Scholar
Vidyasagar, K. and Gopalakrishnan, J. (1982) New vanadium oxides with perovskite type structure: AThV2O6 (A = Ca, Sr). Indian J. Chem., 21A, 716–7.Google Scholar
Vlasov, K.A., Kuz’menko, M.Z. and Es’kova, E.M. (1966) The Lovozero Alkaline Massif. Oliver & Boyd Ltd., Edinburgh, U.K., 627 pp.Google Scholar
Voloshin, A.V., Pakhomovskii, Ya.A., Pushcharovskii, D.Yu., Nadezhina, T.N., Bakhchisaraitsev, A.Yu. and Kobiashev, Yu.S. (1989) Strontian pyrochlore: Composition and structure. New data on minerals (Trudy Mineral. Muz. AN SSSR), 36, (in Russian), 12–24.Google Scholar
Zak, S.I., Kamenev, E.A., Minakov, F.V., Armand, A.L., Mikheichev, A.S. and Petersil’e, I.A. (1972) The Khibina Alkaline Massif. Nedra Press, Leningrad, (in Russian), 175 pp.Google Scholar
Zhu, W.J. and Hor, H.P. (1995) A new titanium perovskite oxide, Na2/3Th1/3TiO3 . J. Solid State Chem., 120, 208–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar