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⁷ The word ‘ascesis’ comes from the Greek askesis and means ‘exercise’, ‘effort’, ‘exploit’. Monastic tradition has given to this term a very precise meaning; it designates the interior combat necessary in order that the spiritual acquire a mastery over the material [Editorial addition].

⁸ Mnemonics is the art of assisting the memory by using a system of artificial aids—rhymes, rules, phrases, diagrams, etc. [Editorial addition].

⁹ Oral traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad.

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³⁴ MN, p. 117.

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⁴⁰ E.g. MN, pp. 52, 84, 121.

⁴¹ For another Naqshbandī tazkira contemporary with the MN that also relied on oral informants, see Akimushkin, O.F., ‘A Rare Seventeenth Century Hagiography of the Naqshbandiyya-Mujaddidiyya Shaykhs’, Manuscripta Orientalia 7, 1 (2001), pp. 62–67Google Scholar.

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