Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T00:40:02.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Interfacial Study on the Functionalization of Continuously Exfoliated Graphite in a PA66 Using High Shear Elongational Flow.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 December 2019

Justin W. Hendrix*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
Thomas Nosker
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
Jennifer Lynch-Branzoi
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
Thomas Emge
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
Get access

Abstract

Graphene has been publicized as the game changing material of this millennium. As research continues to expand our knowledge of this 2D semimetal, the properties at the interface have become an increasingly important characteristic. Translating graphene’s strength at the nanoscale to the macroscale is suggested by functionalizing the graphene, creating a favourable interfacial morphology to adhere. An interfacial morphology that is able to form primary chemical bonds is ideal, providing the best mechanical property performance. We proposed a method of creating a graphene reinforced polymer matrix composite from flake mineral graphite in-situ, using high shear elongational flow to produces these conditions. In our process we were able to identify chemical bonding at graphene’s surface, which developed into newly created interfacial morphologies. These morphologies lead to an increase in mechanical properties while providing an improved stress transfer between graphene and its containing matrix. Our work sheds light on a solvent free route to scalable high strength graphene composites.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES:

Yan, Z., Nika, D.L., Balandin, A.A., Thermal properties of graphene and few-layer graphene: applications in electronics, IET Circuits, Devices & Systems 9(1) (2015) 4-12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frank, I.W., Tanenbaum, D.M., van der Zande, A.M., McEuen, P.L., Mechanical properties of suspended graphene sheets, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 25(6) (2007) 2558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Bernardo, A., Millo, O., Barbone, M., Alpern, H., Kalcheim, Y., Sassi, U., Ott, A.K., De Fazio, D., Yoon, D., Amado, M., Ferrari, A.C., Linder, J., Robinson, J.W.A., p-wave triggered superconductivity in single-layer graphene on an electron-doped oxide superconductor, Nature Communications 8 (2017) 14024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perreault, F., de Faria, A.F., Elimelech, M., Environmental applications of graphene-based nanomaterials, Chemical Society Reviews 44(16) (2015) 5861-5896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Talat, M., Srivastava, O., Deployment of New Carbon Nanostructure: Graphene for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications, Advances in Nanomaterials, Springer2016, pp. 383-395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schadler, L.S., Giannaris, S.C., Ajayan, P.M., Load transfer in carbon nanotube epoxy composites, Applied Physics Letters 73(26) (1998) 3842-3844.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akhina, H., et al. , Development of plasticized poly (vinyl chloride)/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for energy storage applications. Polymer Testing, 2019. 73: p. 250-257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofmann, D., Thomann, R., Mülhaupt, R., Thermoplastic SEBS Elastomer Nanocomposites Reinforced with Functionalized Graphene Dispersions, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 303(1) (2018) 1700324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rafiq, R., Cai, D., Jin, J., Song, M., Increasing the toughness of nylon 12 by the incorporation of functionalized graphene, Carbon 48(15) (2010) 4309-4314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bao, H., Pan, Y., Ping, Y., Sahoo, N.G., Wu, T., Li, L., Li, J., Gan, L.H., Chitosan-Functionalized Graphene Oxide as a Nanocarrier for Drug and Gene Delivery, Small 7(11) (2011) 1569-1578.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhou, S., Bongiorno, A., Origin of the Chemical and Kinetic Stability of Graphene Oxide, Scientific Reports 3 (2013) 2484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nosker, T., Lynch, J., Hendrix, J., Kear, B., Chiu, G., & Tse, S. (2018). U.S. Patent No. 9,896,565. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.Google Scholar
Hendrix, Justin, et al. "Evaluation of exfoliated graphite to graphene in polyamide 66 using novel high shear elongational flow." Polymers 10.12 (2018): 1399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elaissari, A., Colloidal Polymers: Synthesis and Characterization, CRC Press 2003 p.245-284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kudin, K.N., Ozbas, B., Schniepp, H.C., Prud’homme, R.K., Aksay, I.A., Car, R., Raman Spectra of Graphite Oxide and Functionalized Graphene Sheets, Nano Letters 8(1) (2008) 36-41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fang, M., Wang, K., Lu, H., Yang, Y., Nutt, S., Covalent polymer functionalization of graphene nanosheets and mechanical properties of composites, Journal of Materials Chemistry 19(38) (2009) 7098-7105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, A., Chakraborty, B., Sood, A.K., Raman spectroscopy of graphene on different substrates and influence of defects, Bulletin of Materials Science 31(3) (2008) 579-584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, D.-e., Sumpter, B.G., Dai, S., Unique chemical reactivity of a graphene nanoribbon’s zigzag edge, The Journal of Chemical Physics 126(13) (2007) 134701.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gong, L., Young, R.J., Kinloch, I.A., Haigh, S.J., Warner, J.H., Hinks, J.A., Xu, Z., Li, L., Ding, F., Riaz, I., Jalil, R., Novoselov, K.S., Reversible Loss of Bernal Stacking during the Deformation of Few-Layer Graphene in Nanocomposites, ACS Nano 7(8) (2013) 7287-7294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Velasco-Santos, C., et al. , Improvement of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Composites through Chemical Functionalization. Chemistry of Materials, 2003. 15(23): p. 4470-4475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mark, H.F., Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Concise. 2013: Wiley; p. 505-506.Google Scholar