Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T09:55:04.076Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers: Light for the Information Age

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Kent D. Choquette
Get access

Abstract

The emergence of miniature light sources such as the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is poised to advance the information age. The development of VCSELs has stimulated a wide range of materials research into epitaxial growth and device-fabrication technologies. In this article, current and emerging applications that are guiding the commercial development of VCSELs are first considered, followed by discussions of the VCSEL epitaxial structure and fabrication technologies. This brief overview will also mention recent efforts aimed at achieving long-wavelength VCSELs grown on GaAs substrates, as well as approaches for achieving a high modulation rate.

Keywords

compound semiconductorsion implantationoptoelectronic materialsselective oxidationvertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs).
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 27 , Issue 7: Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers , July 2002 , pp. 507 - 511
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Wilmsen, C., Temkin, H., and Coldren, L., eds., Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1999).Google Scholar
2.Soda, H., Iga, K., Kitahara, C., and Suematsu, Y., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 18 (1979) p. 2329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Lear, K.L. and Schneider, R.P. Jr., Appl. Phys. Lett. 68 (1996) p. 605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Dudley, J.J., Babic, D.I., Mirin, R., Yang, L., Miller, B.I., Ram, R.J., Reynolds, T., Hu, E.L., and Bowers, J.E., Appl. Phys. Lett. 64 (1994) p. 1463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Larson, M.C., Kondow, M., Kitatani, T., Nakahara, K., Tamura, K., Inoue, H., and Uomi, K., IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10 (1998) p. 188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Dallesasse, J.M., Holonyak, N. Jr., Sugg, A.R., Richard, T.A., and El-Zein, N., Appl. Phys. Lett. 57 (1990) p. 2844.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Choquette, K.D., Schneider, R.P. Jr., Lear, K.L., and Geib, K.M., Electron. Lett. 30 (1994) p. 2043.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Joannopoulos, J.D., Meade, R.D., and Winn, J.N., Photonic Crystals (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1995).Google Scholar