Hostname: page-component-788cddb947-r7bls Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-10-19T22:22:47.006Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Lorentz Microscopy and Electron Holography of Nanocrystalline Magnetic Materials

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2011

Marc De Graef*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, degraef@cmu.edu
Get access

Abstract

This paper employs an analytical model for the phase shifts imparted on a beam electron by a spherical particle with a uniform magnetization. Model image simulations of Fresnel and Foucault type Lorentz microscopy contrast are presented. Estimates of a lower particle size limit for which no magnetic information can be extracted from the images are given and compared to similar estimates for the electron holography observation method. It is concluded that conventional Lorentz methods have a lower particle size limit of around 30 nm (for cobalt particles), while electron holography can be used to even smaller sizes.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1] Reimer, L., Transmission Electron Microscopy: Physics of Image Formation and Microanalysis, Third Edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993.Google Scholar
[2] Grundy, P.J., and Tebble, R.S., Adv. Phys., 17, p. 153 (1968).Google Scholar
[3] Dooley, J., and Graef, M. De, Micron, 28, p. 371380(1997).Google Scholar
[4] Daykin, A., and Petford-Long, A., Ultramicroscopy, 58, p. 365 (1995).Google Scholar
[5] Dooley, J., and Graef, M. De, Ultramicroscopy, 67, p. 113 (1997).Google Scholar
[6] Streblechenko, D.G., Scheinfein, M.R., Mankos, M., and Babcock, K., IEEE Trans. Magn., 32, p. 4124 (1996).Google Scholar
[7] Dunin-Borkowski, R.E., McCartney, M.R., Kardynal, B., and Smith, D.J., J. Appl. Phys., 84, p. 374 (1998).Google Scholar
[8] Spence, J.C.H., Experimental High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1988.Google Scholar
[9] Jackson, J.D., Classical Electrodynamics (Second Edition), J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1975.Google Scholar
[10] Aharonov, Y., and Bohm, D., Phys. Rev., 115, p. 485 (1959).Google Scholar
[11] Graef, M. De, Nuhfer, N.T., and McCartney, M.R., Microscopy, J., in press (1999).Google Scholar