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Micro-Raman Mapping and Analysis of Indentation-Induced Phase Transformations in Germanium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Jae-il Jang ,
M. J. Lance ,
Songqing Wen ,
J. J. Huening ,
R. J. Nemanich  and
G. M. Pharr
Jae-il Jang
Affiliation:
The University of Tennessee, Dept. of Mater. Sci. & Eng., Knoxville, TN 37996–2200, USA.
M. J. Lance
Affiliation:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
Songqing Wen
Affiliation:
The University of Tennessee, Dept. of Mater. Sci. & Eng., Knoxville, TN 37996–2200, USA.
J. J. Huening
Affiliation:
North Carolina State University, Dept. of Physics, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
R. J. Nemanich
Affiliation:
North Carolina State University, Dept. of Physics, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
G. M. Pharr
Affiliation:
The University of Tennessee, Dept. of Mater. Sci. & Eng., Knoxville, TN 37996–2200, USA. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
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Abstract

Although it has been confirmed by diamond anvil cell experiments that germanium transforms under hydrostatic pressure from the normal diamond cubic phase (Ge-I) to the metallic β-tin phase (Ge-II) and re-transforms to Ge-III (ST12 structure) or Ge-IV (BC8 structure) during release of the pressure, there are still controversies about whether the same transformations occur during nanoindentation. Here, we present new evidence of indentation-induced phase transformations in germanium. Nanoindentation experiments were performed on a (100) Ge single crystal using two triangular pyramidal indenters with different tip angles - the common Berkovich and the sharper cube-corner. Although the indentation load-displacement curves do not show any of the characteristics of phase transformation that are well-known for silicon, micro-Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy reveals that phase transformations to amorphous and metastable crystalline phases do indeed occur. However, the transformations are observed reproducibly only for the cube-corner indenter.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 841: Symposium R – Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology III , 2004 , R10.9T6.9
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2005

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References

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