Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T01:29:34.685Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Late-Pleistocene paleohydrography, eolian activity and frozen ground, New Jersey Pine Barrens, eastern USA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 March 2014

H. French  and
M. Demitroff
H. French*
Affiliation:
Departments of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
M. Demitroff
Affiliation:
Department of Geography, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
*
Email: hmfrench@shaw.ca.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The Late Pleistocene surface paleohydrography of the New Jersey Pine Barrens consisted of a series of broad braided alluvial surfaces with meandering paleochannels. This drainage is best explained in terms of impermeable (i.e. frozen) substrate, high sediment load, variable or decreasing discharge, and eolian sedimentary dynamics. Evidence for eolian activity is provided by wind-abraded sand grains, coversand, dunes, ventifacts, deflation hollows and wind-polished boulders. In several places stream avulsion occurred due to channel infilling by locally-derived wind-blown sediment. The braided and meandering river systems that characterise the tundra and polar semi-desert lowlands of the Western Canadian Arctic are described as modern analogs.

Keywords

Paleodrainageeolian activitystream avulsionfrozen groundLate PleistoceneNew Jersey Pine BarrensArctic Canada
Type
Research Article
Information
Netherlands Journal of Geosciences , Volume 91 , Issue 1-2 , September 2012 , pp. 25 - 35
Copyright
Copyright © Stichting Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 2012

References

Campbell, I.B. & Claridge, G.G.C., 1987. Antarctic: Soils, Weathering, processes and Environments. Elsevier (Amsterdam), 386p.Google Scholar
Demitroff, M., 2007–2008. The Newtonville dune field. New Jersey Audubon, Fall/Winter 2007-08: 32–33.Google Scholar
Demitroff, M., 2007. Pine Barrens wetlands: geographical reflections of South Jersey's periglacial legacy. MSc Thesis, Department of Geography, University of Delaware (Newark), Delaware, USA.Google Scholar
Demitroff, M., 2010. Lakehurst Soil Study. Preliminary Review of Magnetic Lineations – C-17 Assault-Landing Runway, Joint Air Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, NJ: Potential Environmental Significance. Internal Report, Buckhorn Garden Service, Inc. (Vineland), New Jersey, 61 pp.Google Scholar
Dorn, R. & Oberlander, T.M., 1982. Rock varnish. Progress in Physical Geography, 6: 317–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorn, R., Krinsley, D.H., Lin, T., Anderson, S., Clark, J., Cahill, T.A. & Gill, T.E., 1992. Manganese rich rock varnish does occur in Antarctica. Chemical Geology, 99: 289–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrell, S.C., and others, 1985. Pleistocene? braided stream deposits in the Atsion Quadrangle area, northwestern Atlantic County, New Jersey. In: Talkington, R.W. (ed.): Geological investigations of the Coastal Plain of Southern New Jersey, Field guide, Second Annual Meeting of the Geological Association of New Jersey, Stockton College, Pomona, New Jersey: New Jersey Geological Association (New Brunswick): pA-1 to A–11.Google Scholar
French, H.M., 1971. Slope asymmetry of the Beaufort Plain, northwest Banks Island, NWT, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 8: 717–731.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, H.M. & Demitroff, M., 2001. Cold-climate origin of the enclosed depressions and wetlands (‘spungs’) of the Pine Barrens, southern New Jersey, USA. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 12: 337–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, H.M. & Demitroff, M., 2003. Late Pleistocene periglacial phenomena in the Pine Barrens of southern New Jersey: Field excursion guide, October 11, 2003. In: Hosik, , & M. Mihalasky, M. (eds): Proceedings, Geological Association of New Jersey, 20th Annual Meeting. Richard Stockton College (Ponoma), New Jersey: 117–142.Google Scholar
French, H.M., Demitroff, M. & Forman, S.L., 2003. Evidence for late-Pleistocene permafrost in the New Jersey Pine Barrens (latitude 39° N), eastern USA. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 14: 259–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, H.M., Demitroff, M. & Forman, S.L., 2005. Evidence for Late-Pleistocene thermokarst in the New Jersey Pine Barrens (latitude 39° N), eastern USA. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 16: 173–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, H.M., Demitroff, M., Forman, S.L. & Newell, W.L., 2007. A Chronology of Late-Pleistocene permafrost events in southern New Jersey, eastern USA. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 18: 49–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, H.M., Demitroff, M. & Newell, W.L., 2009. Past permafrost on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, Eastern United States. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 20: 285–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fyles, J.G., 1990. Beaufort Formation (Late Tertiary) as seen from Prince Patrick Island, Arctic Canada. Arctic, 43: 393–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markewich, H.W., Litwin, R.J., Pavich, M.J. & Brook, G.A., 2009, Late Pleistocene aeolian features in southeastern Maryland and Chesapeake Bay region indicate strong WNW-NW winds accompanied growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Quaternary Research, 71: 409–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miall, A.D., 1979. Mesozoic and Tertiary geology of Banks Island, Arctic Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir, 387, 235 p.Google Scholar
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 1931. Airplane atlas sheets, aerial photomosaics. Bureau of Tidelands, Trenton, New Jersey, 261 sheets, scale 1: 100,000.Google Scholar
Newell, W.L., 2005. Evidence of cold-climate slope processes from the New Jersey Coastal Plain; debris flow stratigraphy at Haines Corner, Camden County, New Jersey. United States Geological Survey, Open File Report 2005-1298. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newell, W.L. & Clark, I., 2008. Geomorphic Map of Worcester County, Maryland, Interpreted from a LIDAR-Based Digital Elevation Model. United States Geological Survey, Open File Report 2008-1005. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newell, W.L. & De Jong, B.D., 2011. Cold-climate slope deposits and landscape modifications of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, Eastern USA. In: Martini, I.P., French, H.M. & Perez Alberti, A. (eds): Ice-marginal and periglacial processes and sediments. Geological Society of London, Special Publication 354: 259–276.Google Scholar
Newell, W.L. & Wycloff, J.S., 1992. Paleohydrology of four watersheds in the New Jersey Coastal Plain. In: Gohn, G.S. (ed.): Proceedings, 1988 US Geological Survey workshop on the geology and geohydrology of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. United States Geological Survey, Circular 1059: 23–28.Google Scholar
Newell, W.L., Wyckoff, J.S., Owens, J.P. & Farnsworth, J., 1989. Southeast Friends of the Pleistocene, 2nd annual field conference: Cenozoic geology and geomorphology of southern New Jersey Coastal Plain, November 11-13, 1988. United States Geological Survey, Open File Report 89–159.Google Scholar
Newell, W.L., Powars, D.S., Owens, J.P. & Schindler, J.S., 1995. Surficial geologic map of New Jersey, southern sheet. United States Geological Survey, Open File Report 95-272, scale 1: 100,000.Google Scholar
Newell, W.L., Powars, D.S., Owens, J.P., Stanford, S.D. & Stone, B.D., 2000. Surficial geologic map of central and southern New Jersey. United States Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Investigations Series, Map 1-2540-D.Google Scholar
Starkel, L., 2000. Chronology of phases of various fluvial activity, erosion and deposition in the Vistula catchment during Late Quaternary. Geochronometria, 19: 53–58.Google Scholar
Starkel, L., 2003. Palaeohydrology of Central Europe. In: Gregory, K.J. & Benito, G. (eds): Understanding global change, John Wiley and Sons Ltd: 87–103.Google Scholar
Thorsteinsson, R. & Tozer, E.T., 1962. Banks, Victoria and Stefansson Islands, Arctic Archipelago. Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir, 330, 85p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tozer, E.T. & Thorsteinsson, R., 1964. Western Queen Elizabeth Islands, Arctic Archipelago. Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 332, 242p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vandenberghe, J., 1995. Timescales, climate and river development. Quaternary Science Reviews, 14: 631–638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vandenberghe, J., 2001. A typology of Pleistocene cold-based rivers. Quaternary International, 79: 111–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vandenberghe, J., 2002. The relation between climate and river processes, landforms and deposits during the Quaternary. Quaternary International, 91: 17–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vandenberghe, J., 2008. The fluvial cycle at cold-warm-cold transitions in lowland regions: A refinement of theory. Geomorphology, 98: 275–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vandenberghe, J. & Woo, M-K., 2002. Modern and ancient periglacial river types. Progress in Physical Geography, 26: 479–506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vincent, J-S., 1983. La géologie du Quaternaire et la géomorphologie de L'ile Banks, Arctique Canadien. Commission Géologique du Canada, Mémoire, 404, 118 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wycoff, J.S. & Newell, W.L., 1992. Silcrete near Woodstown, New Jersey. In: Gohn, G.S. (ed.): Proceedings, 1988 U.S Geological Survey workshop on the geology and geohydrology of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. United States Geological Survey, Circular 1059: 39–43.Google Scholar