Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T15:32:52.693Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Physiological Aspects of the Requirement for Sodium in Mammals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2007

A. R. Michell
A. R. Michell
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Husbandry, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Research Article
Information
Nutrition Research Reviews , Volume 2 , Issue 1 , January 1989 , pp. 149 - 160
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1989

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural Research Council (1980). The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock, 2nd ed. Farnham Royal: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Agricultural Research Council (1981). The Nutrient Requirements of Pigs, 2nd ed. Farnham Royal: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Anderson, D. E. (1984). Interactions of stress, salt and blood pressure. Annual Review of Physiology 46, 143–153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anon, (1986). Dietary Salt and Hypertension: Implications for Public Health Policies. Royal Society of Medicine Round Table Series no. 5. London: Royal Society of Medicine.Google Scholar
Anon, (1988). Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. British Medical Journal 297, 319–328.Google Scholar
Anon, (1989). Fall in blood pressure with modest reduction in dietary salt intake in mild hypertension. Lancet i, 399–402.Google Scholar
Beaton, G. H. (1988). Nutritional requirements and population data. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 47, 63–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bell, F. R., Davies, E., Edwards, C. R. W. & Williams, B. C. (1985). The relation of endogenous angiotensin and aldosterone to inhibition by captopril of salt appetite evoked in steers. Journal of Physiology 371, 188P.Google Scholar
Bonventre, J. V. & Leaf, A. (1982). Sodium homeostasis: steady states without a set point. Kidney International 21, 880–885.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brensilver, J. M., Daniels, F. H., Lefavour, G. S., Malseak, R. M., Lorch, J. A., Ponte, M. L. & Cortell, S. (1985). Effect of variations in dietary sodium intake on sodium excretion in mature dogs. Kidney International 27, 497–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bursey, R. G. & Watson, M. L. (1983). The effect of sodium restriction during gestation on offspring brain development in rats. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 37, 43–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Care, A. D. (1988). A fresh look at hypomagnesaemia. British Veterinary Journal 144, 3–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahl, L. K. (1960). Salt, fat and hypertension: the Japanese experience. Nutrition Reviews 18, 97–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dahl, L. K. (1972). Salt and hypertension. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 25, 231–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daniels, F. H., Cortell, S. & Leonard, E. F. (1985). Formulating and evaluating quantitative models of sodium stores. American Journal of Physiology 249R, 624–633.Google Scholar
Denton, D. A. (1982). The Hunger for Salt, pp. 54, 571. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Devlin, T. J. & Roberts, W. K. (1963). Dietary maintenance requirement of sodium for lambs. Journal of Animal Science 22, 648–653.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Nicolantonio, R., Spargo, S. & Morgan, T. O. (1987). Prenatal high salt diet increases blood pressure and salt retention in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 14, 233–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dirks, J. H. (1983). The kidney and magnesium regulation. Kidney International 23, 771–777.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dodson, P. M., Beevers, M., Hallworth, R., Webberley, M. J., Fletcher, R. F. & Taylor, K. G. (1989). Sodium restriction and blood pressure in hypertensive type II diabetics: randomised blind controlled and crossover studies of moderate sodium restriction and sodium supplementation. British Medical Journal 298, 227–230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eaton, S. B. & Konnor, M. (1985). Paleolithic nutrition. New England Journal of Medicine 312, 283–289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fine, B. P., Ty, A., Lestrange, N. & Levine, O. R. (1987). Sodium deprivation growth failure in the rat: alteration in tissue composition and fluid space. Journal of Nutrition 117, 1623–1628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frolich, E. D. & Messerli, F. H. (1982). Sodium and hypertension. In Sodium: Its Biological Sigńificance, [Papper, S., editor]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Ganguli, M. C., Smith, J. D. & Hanson, L. E. (1970). Sodium metabolism and its requirement during reproduction in female rats. Journal of Nutrition 99, 225–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grim, C. E. & Scoggins, B. A. (1986). The rapid adjustment of renal sodium excretion to changes in dietary sodium intake in sheep. Life Sciences 39, 215–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grobbee, D. E. & Hofman, A. (1986). Does sodium restriction lower blood pressure? British Medical Journal 293, 27–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grunert, R. R., Meyer, J. H. & Phillips, P. H. (1950). The sodium and potassium requirements of the rat for growth. Journal of Nutrition 42, 609–618.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henry, J. P. (1988). Stress, salt and hypertension. Social Science and Medicine 26, 293–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hofman, A., Hazebroek, A. & Valkenburg, H. A. (1983). A randomized trial of sodium intake and blood pressure in newborn infants. Journal of the American Medical Association 250, 370–373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hollenberg, N. K. (1980). Set point for sodium homeostasis: surfeit, deficit and their implications. Kidney International 17, 423–429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hollenberg, N. K. (1982). Surfeit, deficit and the set point for sodium homeostasis. Kidney International 21, 884–885.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Houston, M. C. (1986). Sodium and hypertension, a review. Archives of Internal Medicine 146, 179–185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hunt, J. C. (1983). Sodium intake and hypertension: a cause for concern. Annals of Internal Medicine 98, 724–728.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kurtz, T. W., Al-Bandes, H. A. & Morris, R. C. (1987). Salt-sensitive essential hypertension in men: is the sodiumion alone important? New England Journal of Medicine 317, 1043–1048.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurtzman, N. A. (1985). Salt, hypertension and confusion. Seminars in Nephrology 5, 1.Google ScholarPubMed
Louis, W. J., Tabei, R. & Spector, S. (1971). Effects of sodium intake on inherited hypertension in the rat. Lancet ii, 1283–1286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarron, D. A., Morris, C. D., Henry, H. J. & Stanton, J. L. (1984). Blood pressure and nutrient intake in the United States. Science 224, 1392–1397.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacDonald, I. (1986). Salt, a risk factor in hypertension. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 45, 253–287.Google Scholar
McGinnis, J. M. & Nestle, M. (1989). The Surgeon General's Report on nutrition and health: policy implications and implementation strategies. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49, 23–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McSweeney, C. S. & Cross, R. B. (1989). Chronic effects of ‘adequate’ and ‘low’ sodium intake on sodium conservation, digestion and mineral metabolism in growing ruminants fed the tropical legume Stylosanthes hamata c.v. Verano. Research in Veterinary Science. (In the press.)Google Scholar
Martens, H., Kubel, O. W., Gabel, G. & Honig, H. (1987). Effect of low sodium intake on magnesium metabolism of sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science 108, 235–243.Google Scholar
Michell, A. R. (1974). The sodium transport hypothesis of salt appetite. British Veterinary Journal 130, 6–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michell, A. R. (1975). Changes in sodium appetite during the oestrous cycle of sheep. Physiology and Behavior 14, 223–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michell, A. R. (1976 a). Relationships between individual differences in salt appetite of sheep and their plasma electrolyte status. Physiology and Behavior 17, 215–219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michell, A. R. (1976 b). Skeletal sodium: a missing element in hypertension and salt excretion. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 20, 37–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michell, A. R. (1978). Salt appetite, salt intake, and hypertension: a deviation of perspective. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 21, 335–347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michell, A. R. (1979). Sodium transport and salt appetite; the effect of DPH on sodium preference and electrolyte balance in rats. Chemical Senses and Flavour 4, 231–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michell, A. R. (1980). Salt and hypertension. Lancet i, 1358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michell, A. R. (1984). Sums and assumptions about salt. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 27, 221–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michell, A. R. (1985 a). Sodium in health and disease: a comparative review with emphasis on herbivores. Veterinary Record 116, 653–657.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michell, A. R. (1985 b). Sodium and research in farm animals: problems of requirement, deficit and excess. Outlook on Agriculture 14, 179–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michell, A. R. (1986). The gut: the unobtrusive regulator of sodium balance. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 29, 203–213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michell, A. R. (1987). Intake and preference for salt in man and animals. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 510, 138–139.Google Scholar
Michell, A. R. (1989 a). Salt intake, animal health and hypertension: should sleeping dogs lie? In Recent Advances in Dog and Cat Nutrition, pp. 275–292 [Rivers, J. and Burger, I., editors]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Michell, A. R. (1989 b). Regulation of salt and water balance. Journal of Small Animal Practice. (In the Press.)Google Scholar
Michell, A. R. & Moss, P. (1987). The gut and sodium regulation in sheep and other herbivores. Journal of Physiology 394, 134P.Google Scholar
Michell, A. R. & Moss, P. (1988). Salt appetite during preganacy in sheep. Physiology and Behavior 42, 491–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michell, A. R., Moss, P., Hill, R., Vincent, I. C. & Noakes, D. E. (1988). The effect of pregnancy and sodium intake on water and electrolyte balance in sheep. British Veterinary Journal 144, 147–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milligan, L. P. & McBride, B. W. (1985). Energy costs of ion-pumping by animal tissues. Journal of Nutrition 115, 1374–1382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mohring, J. & Mohring, B. (1972). Evaluation of sodium and potassium balance in rats. Journal of Applied Physiology 33, 688–692.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, J. G. & Peterson, R. G. (1975). Sodium requirements of lactating ewes. Journal of Nutrition 105, 595–598.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Research Council (1978). The laboratory rat. In Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals, p. 19Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals no. 10. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
National Research Council (1985). Nutrient Requirements of Dogs, pp. 17, 44–45. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Oliver, W. J., Neel, J. V., Grekin, R. J. & Cohen, E. J. (1981). Hormonal adaptations to the stresses imposed by pregnancy and lactation in Yanomamo Indians, a culture without salt. Circulation 63, 110–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roos, J. C., Koomans, H. A., Mees, Dorhout E. J. & Delawi, I. M. K. (1985). Renal sodium handling in normal humans subjected to low, normal and extremely high sodium supplies. American Journal of Physiology 249F, 941–947.Google Scholar
Sansom, B. F., Gleed, P. T., Michell, A. R. & Moss, P. (1983). Sodium requirements of ewes and lambs. In Production Diseases in Farm Animals (5th International Conference) p. 75 (abstr.). Uppsala: Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences.Google Scholar
Schmieder, R. E., Messerli, F. H., Garavaglia, G. E. & Nunez, B. D. (1988). Dietary salt: a determinant of cardiac involvement in essential hypertension. Circulation 78, 951–956.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scribner, B. H. (1983). Salt and hypertension. Journal of the American Medical Association 250, 388–389.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simpson, F. O. (1988). Sodium intake, body sodium and sodium excretion. Lancet i, 25–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, R. B., Singh, N. K., Mody, R. & Cameron, E. A. (1987). Does sodium play an adverse role in hypertension? Acta Cardiologica 42, 187–206.Google ScholarPubMed
Snow, D. H. & Harris, R. C. (1989). The use of conventional and unconventional supplements in the thoroughbred horse. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 48, 135–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strauss, M. B., Landin, E., Pierce-Smith, W. & Bleifer, D. J. (1958). Surfeit and deficit of sodium, a kinetic concept of sodium excretion. Archives of Internal Medicine 102, 527–536.Google ScholarPubMed
Swales, J. D. (1987). Dietary sodium, potassium and blood pressure. In Nutrition and Blood Pressure, pp. 85–109. [Bursztyn, P., editor]. London: John Libbey.Google Scholar
Swales, J. D. (1988). Salt saga continued. British Medical Journal 297, 307–308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thurau, K. (1979). Nephrology – a look into the future. Kidney International 15, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toal, C. B. & Leenen, F. H. H. (1983). Dietary sodium restriction and development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. American Journal of Physiology 245, H1081–1084.Google ScholarPubMed
Van Soest, P. J. (1982). The Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Corvallis, OR: O & B Books.Google Scholar
Vincent, I. C., Michell, A. R., Williams, H. LI. & Hill, R. (1987). Effects of sodium intake during two parities on Na status in Blackface sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 57, 447–455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vivas, L. & Chiaraviglio, E. (1987). Effect of agents which alter sodium transport on sodium appetite in rats. Brain Research Bulletin 19, 679–685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walser, M. (1985). Phenomenological analysis of renal regulation of sodium and potassium balance. Kidney International 27, 837–841.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinberger, M. H. (1987). Sodium chloride and blood pressure. New England Journal of Medicine 317, 1084–1086.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed