Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-12T11:12:20.329Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Role of dietary antioxidants in the prevention of in vivo oxidative DNA damage

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2007

M. S. Cooke ,
M. D. Evans ,
N. Mistry  and
J. Lunec
M. S. Cooke*
Affiliation:
Oxidative Stress Group, Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
M. D. Evans
Affiliation:
Oxidative Stress Group, Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
N. Mistry
Affiliation:
Oxidative Stress Group, Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
J. Lunec
Affiliation:
Oxidative Stress Group, Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Dr M. S. Cooke, fax +44 116 2525887, email msc5@le.ac.uk
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Epidemiological evidence consistently shows that diets high in fresh fruit and vegetables significantly lower cancer risk. Given the postulated role of oxidative DNA damage in carcinogenesis, the assumption has been made that it is the antioxidant properties of food constituents, such as vitamin C, E and carotenoids, which confer protection. However, epidemiological studies with specific antioxidants, either singly or in combination, have not, on the whole, supported this hypothesis. In contrast, studies examining the in vitro effect of antioxidants upon oxidative DNA damage have generally been supportive, in terms of preventing damage induction. The same, however, cannot be said for the in vivo intervention studies where overall the results have been equivocal. Nevertheless, recent work has suggested that some dietary antioxidants may confer protective properties through a novel mechanism, unrelated to their conventional free-radical scavenging abilities. Upregulation of antioxidant defence, xenobiotic metabolism, or DNA-repair genes may all limit cellular damage and hence promote maintenance of cell integrity. However, until further work has clarified whether dietary supplementation with antioxidants confers a reduced risk of cancer and the mechanism by which this effect is exerted, the recommendation for a diet rich in fruit and vegetables remains valid empirically.

Keywords

AntioxidantsDietDNA damageFree radicals
Type
Research Article
Information
Nutrition Research Reviews , Volume 15 , Issue 1 , June 2002 , pp. 19 - 42
Copyright
Copyright © CABI Publishing 2002

References

Aherne, SA & O'Brien, NM (2000) Mechanism of protection by the flavonoids, quercetin and rutin, against tert-butylhydroperoxide- and menadione-induced DNA single strand breaks in Caco-2 cells. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 29, 507–514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alam, ZI, Jenner, A, Daniel, SE, Lees, AJ, Cairns, N, Marsden, CD, Jenner, P & Halliwell, B (1997) Oxidative DNA damage in the Parkinsonian brain: an apparent selective increase in 8-hydroxyguanine levels in substantia nigra. Journal of Neurochemistry 69, 1196–1203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alpha tocopherol β-carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group (1994) The effect of vitamin E and β-carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. New England Journal of Medicine 330, 1029–1035.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ames, BN (2001) DNA damage from micronutrient deficiencies is likely to be a major cause of cancer. Mutation Research 475, 7–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, D, Phillips, BJ, Yu, T-W, Edwards, AJ, Ayesh, A & Butterworth, KR (1997) The effects of vitamin C supplementation on biomarkers of oxygen radical generated damage in human volunteers with ‘low’ or ‘high’ cholesterol levels. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 30, 161–174.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Angelis,, KJ, Dusinskaa, M & Collins, AR (1999) Single cell gel electrophoresis: Detection of DNA damage at different levels of sensitivity. Electrophoresis 20, 2133–2138.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Astley, S, Langrish-Smith, A, Southon, S & Sampson, M (1999) Vitamin E supplementation and oxidative damage to DNA and plasma LDL in type I diabetes. Diabetes Care 22, 1626–1631.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baysal, E, Sullivan, SG & Stern, A (1989) Prooxidant and antioxidant effects of ascorbate on tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced erythrocyte membrane damage. International Journal of Biochemistry 21, 1109–1113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beatty, ER, O'Reilly, JD, England, TG, McAnilis, GT, Young, IS, Halliwell, B, Geissler, CA, Sanders, TAB & Wiseman, H (2000) Effect of dietary quercetin on oxidative DNA damage in healthy human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition 84, 919–925.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bianchini, F, Elmstahl, S, Martinez-Garcia, C, van Kappel, A-L, Douki, T, Cadet, J, Ohishima, H, Riboli, E & Kaaks, R (2000) Oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes: correlations with plasma levels of α-tocopherol and carotenoids. Carcinogenesis 21, 321–324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bielski, BHJ & Richter, HW (1975) Some properties of the ascorbate free radical. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 258, 231–237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Block, G (1991) Vitamin C and cancer prevention, the epidemiologic evidence. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 270S–282S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borek, C (2001) Antioxidant health effects of aged garlic extract. Journal of Nutrition 131, 1010S–1015SCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boyle, SP, Dobson, VL, Duthie, SJ, Hinselwood, DC, Kyle, JAM & Collins, AR (2000 a) Bioavailability and efficiency of rutin as an antioxidant: a human supplementation study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, 774–782.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boyle, SP, Dobson, VL, Duthie, SJ, Kyle, JAM & Collins, AR (2000 b) Absorption and DNA protective effects of flavonoid glycosides from an onion meal. European Journal of Nutrition 39, 213–223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brigelius-Flohe, B & Traber, MG (1999) Vitamin E: function and metabolism. FASEB Journal 13, 1145–1155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, RK, McBurney, A, Lunec, J & Kelly, FJ (1995) Oxidative damage to DNA in patients with cystic fibrosis. Free Radical Biology Medicine 18, 801–806.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Byers, T & Perry, G (1992) Dietary carotenes, vitamin C, and vitamin E as protective antioxidants in human cancers. Annual Review of Nutrition 12, 139–159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cadet, J, D'Ham, C, Douki, T, Pouget, J-P, Ravanat, J-L & Sauvaigo, S (1998) Facts and artifacts in the measurement of oxidative base damage to DNA. Free Radical Research 29, 541–550.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cai, Q & Wei, H (1996) Effect of dietary genistein on antioxidant enzyme activities in SENECAR mice. Nutrition and Cancer 25, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calzada, C, Bruckdorfer, KR & Rice-Evans, C (1997) The influence of antioxidant nutrients on platelet function in healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis 128, 97–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carr, A & Frei, B (1999) Does vitamin C act as a pro-oxidant under physiological conditions?. FASEB Journal 13, 1007–1024.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carty, JL, Bevan, R, Waller, H, Mistry, N, Cooke, M, Lunec, J & Griffiths, HR (2000) The effects of vitamin C supplementation on protein oxidation in healthy volunteers. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications 273, 729–735.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Casalini, C, Lodovici, M, Briani, C, Paganelli, G, Remy, S, Cheynier, V & Dolara, P (1999) Effect of complex polyphenols and tannins from red wine (WCPT) on chemically-induced oxidative DNA damage in the rat. European Journal of Nutrition 38, 190–195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chatterjee, M (2001) Vitamin D and genomic stability. Mutation Research 475, 69–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, L, Boweb, PE, Berezy, D, Aryee, F, Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M & Roley, RE (1999) Diet modification affects DNA oxidative damage in healthy human. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 26, 695–703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, SW, Kim, YI, Weitzel, JN & Mason, JB (1998) Folate depletion impairs DNA excision repair in the colon of the rat. Gut 43, 93–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chow, CK (1988) Interrelationships of cellular antioxidant defence systems. In Cellular Antioxidant Defence Mechanisms, pp. 217–237 [Chow, CK editor]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Claycombe, KJ & Meydani, SN (2001) Vitamin E and genomic stability. Mutation Research 475, 37–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, AR, Gedik, CM, Olmedilla, B, Southon, S & Bellizzi, M (1998 a) Oxidative DNA damage measured in human lymphocytes: large differences between sexes and between countries, and correlations with heart disease mortality rates. FASEB Journal 12, 1397–1400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, AR, Olmedilla, B, Southon, S, Granado, F & Duthie, SJ (1998 b) Serum carotenoids and oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Carcinogenesis 19, 2159–2162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooke, MS, Evans, MD, Herbert, KE & Lunec, J (2000) Urinary 8-oxo-2′deoxyguanosine: source, significance and supplements. Free Radical Research 32, 381–397.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooke, MS, Evans, MD, Podmore, ID, Herbert, KE, Mistry, N, Mistry, P, Hickenbotham, PT, Hussieni, A, Griffiths, HR & Lunec, J (1998) Novel repair action of vitamin C upon in vivo oxidative DNA damage. FEBS Letters 439, 363–367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooke, MS & Lunec, J (2002) Immunochemical detection of oxidative DNA damage. In Oxidative Stress and Aging: Advances in Basic Science, Diagnostics and Intervention, pp. 275–293 [Cutler, RG and Rodriguez, H editors]. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooke, MS, Patel, K, Ahmad, J, Evans, MD & Lunec, J (2001) Monoclonal antibody to single-stranded DNA: a potential tool for DNA repair studies. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications 284, 232–238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crott, JW & Fenech, M (1999) Effect of vitamin C supplementation on chromosome damage, apoptosis and necrosis ex vivo. Carcinogenesis 20, 1035–1041.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dandona, P, Thusu, K, Cook, S, Snyder, B, Makowski, J, Armstrong, D & Nicotera, T (1996) Oxidative damage to DNA in diabetes mellitus. Lancet 347, 444–445.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deng, X-S, Tuo, J, Poulsen, HE & Loft, S (1998) Prevention of oxidative DNA damage in rats by Brussels sprouts. Free Radical Research 28, 323–333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dizdaroglu, M (1991) Chemical determination of free radical-induced damage to DNA. Free Radical Biology Medicine 10, 225–242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dizdaroglu, M (1998) Facts about the artifacts in the measurement of oxidative DNA base damage by gas chromtography-mass spectrometry. Free Radical Research 29, 551–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duthie, SJ, Collins, AR, Duthie, GG & Dodson, VL (1997) Quercetin and muyricetin protect against hydrogen-peroxide induced DNA damage (strand breaks and oxidised pyrimidines) in human lymphocytes. Mutation Research – Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 393, 223–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duthie, SJ, Grant, G & Narayanan, S (2000) Increased uracil misincorporation in lymphocytes from folate-deficient rats. British Journal of Cancer 83, 1532–1537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duthie, SJ & Hawdon, A (1998) DNA instability (strand breakage, uracil misincorporation, and defective repair) is increased by folic acid depletion in human lymphocytes in vitro. FASEB Journal 12, 1491–1497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duthie, SJ, Ma, A, Ross, MA, & Collins, AR (1996) Antioxidant supplementation decreases oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Cancer Research 56, 1291–1295.Google ScholarPubMed
Erhola, M, Toyokuni, S, Okada, K, Tanaka, T, Hiai, H, Ochi, H, Uchida, K, Osawa, T, Neiminen, MM, Alho, H & Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, P (1997) Biomarker evidence of DNA oxidation in lung cancer patients, association of urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine excretion with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and response to treatment. FEBS Letters 409, 287–291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, MD, Cooke, MS, Akil, M, Samanta, AK & Lunec, J (2000) Aberrant processing of oxidative DNA damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications 273, 894–898.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, MD, Griffiths, HR & Lunec, J (1997) Reactive oxygen species and their cytotoxic mechanisms. In Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology, vol. 20: Mechanisms of Cell Toxicity, pp. 25–73 [Chipman, JK editor]. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Farinati, F, Cardin, R, Degan, P, de Maria, N, Floyd, RA, van Thiel, DH & Naccarato, R (1999) Oxidative DNA damage in circulating leukocytes occurs as an early event in chronic HCV infection. Free Radical Biology Medicine 27, 1284–1291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fenech, M, Dreosti, I & Aitken, C (1997) Vitamin E supplements and their effect on vitamin E status in blood and genetic damage rate in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Carcinogenesis 18, 359–364.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Floyd, RA, Watson, JJ, Wong, PK, Altmiller, DH & Rickard, RC (1986) Hydroxyl free radical adduct of deoxyguanosine, sensitive detection and mechanism of formation. Free Radical Research 1, 163–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fokinski, M, Kotzbach, R, Szymanski, W & Olinski, R (2000) The level of typical biomarker of oxidative stress 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine is higher in uterine myomas than in control tissues and correlates with the size of the tumour. Free Radical Biology Medicine 29, 597–601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fraga, CG, Motchnik, PA, Shigenaga, MK, Helbock, HJ, Jacob, RA & Ames, BN (1991) Ascorbic acid protects against endogenous oxidative DNA damage in human sperm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 88, 11003–11006.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frenkel, K, Karkoszka, J, Glassman, T, Dubin, N, Toniolo, P, Taioli, E, Mooney, LA & Kato, I (1998) Serum autoantibodies recognising 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxyuridine. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 7, 49–57.Google Scholar
Haegele, AD, Gillette, C, O'Neill, C, Wolfe, P, Heimendinger, J, Sedlacek, S & Thompson, HJ (2000) Plasma xanthophyll carotenoids correlate inversely with indices of oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 9, 421–425.Google ScholarPubMed
Halliwell, B (1998) Can oxidative DNA damage be used as a biomarker of cancer risk in humans? Problems, resolutions and preliminary results from nutritional supplementation studies. Free Radical Research 29, 469–486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halliwell, B (1999) Vitamin C: poison, prophylactic or panacea?. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 24, 255–259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halliwell, B & Gutteridge, JMC (1989) Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 2nd ed., p. 543. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Hertog, MGL, Vries, A, Ocké, A, Schouten, A, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, H & Vehagen, H (1997) Oxidative DNA damage in humans, comparison between high and low habitual fruit and vegetable consumption. Biomarkers 2, 259–262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hollman, PCH & Katan, MB (1999) Health effects and bioavailability of dietary flavonols. Free Radical Research 31, S75–S80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Honda, M, Yamada, Y, Tomonaga, M, Ichinose, H & Kamihira, S (2000) Correlation of urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage, and clinical features of haematological disorders: a pilot study. Leukaemia Research 24, 461–468.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hosomi, A, Arita, M, Sato, Y, Kiyose, C, Ueda, T, Igarashi, O, Arai, H & Inoue, K (1997) Affinity for alpha-tocopherol transfer protein as a determinant of the biological activities of vitamin E analogues. FEBS Letters 409, 105–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, H-Y, Helzlsouer, KJ & Appel, LJ (2000) The effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on oxidative DNA damage: results from a randomised controlled trial. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention 9, 647–652.Google Scholar
Inoue, M, Osaki, T, Noguchi, M, Hirohashi, S, Yasumoto, K & Kasai, H (1998) Lung cancer patients have increased 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in peripheral lung tissue DNA. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 89, 691–695.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacob, RA, Kelley, DS, Pianalto, FS, Swendseid, ME, Henning, SM, Zhang, JZ, Ames, BN, Fraga, CG & Peters, JH (1991) Immunocompetence and oxidant defence during ascorbate depletion of healthy men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, 1302S–1309SCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janssen, YMW, van Houten, B, Borm, PJA & Mossman, BT (1993) Biology of disease. Cell and tissue responses to oxidative damage. Laboratory Investigation 69, 261–274.Google Scholar
Jaruga, P, Zastawny, TH, Skokowski, J, Dizdaroglu, M & Olinski, R (1994) Oxidative DNA base damage and antioxidant enzyme activities in human lung cancer. FEBS Letters 341, 59–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jenkinson, AM, Collins, AR, Duthie, SJ, Wahle, GG & Duthie, GG (1999) The effect of increased intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E on DNA damage in human lymphocytes. FASEB Journal 13, 2138–3142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, MK & Loo, G (2000) Effects of epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin on oxidative damage to cellular DNA. Mutation Research – DNA Repair 459, 211–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, RG & Payne, RB (1997) Clinical Investigation and Statistics in Laboratory Medicine, pp. 124–184. London: ACB Venture Publications.Google Scholar
Joshi, R, Adhikari, S, Patro, BS, Chattopadhyay, S & Mukherjee, T (2001) Free radical scavenging behaviour of folic acid: evidence for possible antioxidant activity. Free Radical Biology Medicine 30, 1390–1399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jovanovic, SV, Clements, D & MacLeod, K (1998) Biomarkers of oxidative stress are significantly elevated in Down's syndrome. Free Radical Biology Medicine 25, 1044–1048.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamal-Eldin, A & Appelqvist, LA (1996) The chemistry and antioxidant properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols. Lipids 31, 671–701.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kasai, H & Nishimura, S (1986) Hydroxylation of guanine in nucleosides and DNA at the C-8 position by heated glucose and oxygen radical-forming agents. Environmental Health Perspectives 67, 111–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lean, MEJ, Noroozi, M, Kelly, I, Burns, J, Talwar, D, Sattar, N & Crozier, A (1999) Dietary flavonols protect diabetic human lymphocytes against oxidative damage to DNA. Diabetes 48, 176–181.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, I-M (1999) Antioxidant vitamins in the prevention of cancer. Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians 111, 10–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leinonen, J, Lehtimäki, T, Toyokuni, S, Okada, K, Tanaka, T, Hiai, H, Ochi, HH, Laippala, P, Rantalaiho, V, Wirta, O, Pasternack, A & Alho, H (1997) New biomarker evidence of oxidative DNA damage in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. FEBS Letters 417, 150–152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lenton, KJ, Therriault, H, Fulop, T, Payette, H & Wagner, JR (1999) Glutathione and ascorbate are negatively correlated with oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Carcinogenesis 20, 607–613.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lezza, AMS, Mecocci, P, Cormio, A, Flint Beal, M, Cherubini, A, Cantatore, P, Senin, U & Gadleta, MN (1999) Area-specific differences in OH8dG and mtDNA4977 levels in Alzheimer disease patients and aged controls. Journal of Anti-aging Medicine 2, 209–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovell, MA, Gabbita, SP & Markesbery, WR (1999) Increased DNA oxidation and decreased levels of repair products in Alzheimer's disease ventricular CSF. Journal of Neurochemistry 72, 771–776.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lowe, GM, Booth, LA, Young, AJ, & Bilton, RF (1999) Lycopene and beta-carotene protect against oxidative damage in HT29 cells at low concentrations but rapidly lose this capacity at higher doses. Free Radical Research 30, 141–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lunec, J, Cooke, MS, Podmore, ID & Evans, MD (2000 a) Modulation of in vivo DNA repair in humans by vitamin C supplementation. In Human Monitoring after Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemical and Physical Agents, pp. 68–75 [Anderson, D and Karakaya, AE editors]. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.Google Scholar
Lunec, J, Herbert, KE, Blount, S, Griffiths, HR & Emery, P (1994) 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine, A marker of oxidative DNA damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. FEBS Letters 348, 131–138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lunec, J, Herbert, KE, Jones, GDD, Dickinson, L, Evans, M, Mistry, N, Chauhan, D, Capper, G & Zheng, Q (2000) Development of a quality control material for the measurement of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine, an in vivo marker of oxidative stress, and comparison of results from different laboratories. Free Radical Research 33, S27–S31.Google Scholar
Lunec, J, Podmore, ID, Griffiths, HR, Herbert, KE, Mistry, N & Mistry, P (1999) Effects of vitamin E supplementation on in vivo oxidative DNA damage. In Advances in DNA Damage and Repair, pp.283–294 [Dizdaroglu, M and Karakaya, AE editors]. New York: Kluwer Academic Press/Plenum Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyras, L, Perry, RH, Perry, EK, Ince, PG, Jenner, A, Jenner, P & Halliwell, B (1998) Oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA in cortical brain regions from patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. Journal of Neurochemistry 71, 302–312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malins, DC & Haimanot, R (1991) Major alterations in the nucleotide structure of DNA in cancer of the female breast. Cancer Research 51, 5430–5432.Google ScholarPubMed
Marnett, LJ (2000) Oxyradicals and DNA damage. Mutation Research 21, 361–370.Google ScholarPubMed
Matsui, A, Ikeda, T, Enomoto, K, Hosoda, K, Nakashima, H, Omae, K, Watanabe, M, Hibi, T & Kitajima, M (2000) Increased formation of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, in human breast tissue and its relationship to GSTP1 and COMT genotypes. Cancer Letters 151, 87–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matsui, M, Nishigori, C, Toyokuni, S, Takada, J, Akaboshi, M, Ishikawa, M, Imamura, S & Miyachi, Y (1999) The role of oxidative DNA damage in human arsenic carcinogenesis: detection of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in arsenic-related Bowen's disease. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 113, 26–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michell, JH & Collins, AR (1999) Effects of soy milk supplement on plasma cholesterol levels and oxidative DNA damage in men – a pilot study. European Journal of Nutrition 38, 143–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murata, M & Kawanishi, S (2000) Oxidative DNA damage by vitamin A and its derivative via superoxide generation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275, 2003–2008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mussarat, J, Arezina-Wilson, J & Wani, AA (1996) Prognostic and aetiological relevance of 8-hydroxyguanosine in human breast carcinogenesis. European Journal of Cancer 32A, 1209–1214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noroozi, M, Angerson, WJ & Lean, MEJ (1998) Effects of flavonoids and vitamin C on oxidative DNA damage to human lymphocytes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 67, 1210–1218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Okamoto, H, Toyokuni, S, Uchida, K, Ogawa, O, Takenewa, J, Kakehi, Y, Kinoshita, H, Hattori-Nakakuki, Y, Hiai, H & Yoshida, O (1994) Formation of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified proteins in human renal-cell carcinoma. International Journal of Cancer 58, 825–829.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olinski, R, Zastawny, T, Budzbon, J, Skokowski, J, Zegarski, W & Dizdaroglu, M (1992) DNA base modifications in chromatin of human cancerous tissues. FEBS Letters 309, 193–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oliva, MR, Ripoll, F, Muniz, P, Iradi, A, Trullenque, R, Valls, V, Drehmer, E & Saez, GT (1997) Genetic alterations and oxidative metabolism in sporadic colorectal tumours from a Spanish community. Molecular Carcinogenesis 18, 232–243.3.0.CO;2-F>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Omenn, GS, Goodman, MD, Thornquist, MD, Balmes, J, Cullen, MR, Glass, A, Keogh, JP, Meyskens, FL, Valanis, B, Williams, JH, Barnhart, S & Hammar, S (1996) Effects of a combination of β-carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. New England Journal of Medicine 334, 1150–1155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parker, RS (1996) Absorption, metabolism and transport of carotenoids. FASEB Journal 10, 542–551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Podmore, ID, Cooper, D, Evans, MD, Wood, M & Lunec, J (2000) Simultaneous measurement of 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxo-2′deoxyadenosine by HPLC-MS/MS. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 277, 764–770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Podmore, ID, Griffiths, HR, Herbert, KE, Mistry, N, Mistry, P & Lunec, J (1998 a) Vitamin C exhibits pro-oxidant properties. Nature 392, 559.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Podmore, ID, Griffiths, HR, Herbert, KE, Mistry, N, Mistry, P & Lunec, J (1998 b) Does vitamin C have a pro-oxidant effect?. Nature 395, 231–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pool-Zobel, BL, Aldercreutz, H, Glei, M, Liegibel, UM, Sittlington, J, Rowland, I, Wahala, K & Rechkemmer, G (2000) Isoflavonoids and lignans have different potentials to modulate oxidative genetic damage in human colon cells. Carcinogenesis 21, 1247–1252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pool-Zobel, BL, Bub, A, Muller, H, Wollowski, I & Rechkemmer, G (1997) Consumption of vegetables reduces genetic damage in humans: First results of a human intervention trial with carotenoid-rich foods. Carcinogenesis 18, 1847–1850.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Porkkala-Sarataho, E, Salonen, JT, Nyyssonen, K, Kaikkonen, J, Salonen, R, Ristonmaa, U, Diczfalusy, U, Brigelius-Flohe, R, Loft, S & Poulsen, HE (2000) Long-term effects of vitamin E, vitamin C and combined supplementation on urinary 7-hydro-8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine, serum cholesterol oxidation products and oxidation resistance of lipids in nondepleted men. Ateriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 20, 2087–2093.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Porrini, M & Riso, P (2000) Lymphocyte lycopene concentration and DNA protection from oxidative damage is increased in women after a short period of tomato consumption. Journal of Nutrition 130, 189–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poulsen, HE, Loft, S, Priemé, H, Vistisen, KLykkesfeldt, J, Nyyssonen, K & Salonen, JT (1998) Oxidative DNA damage in vivo, relationship to age, plasma antioxidants, drug metabolism, glutathione-S-transferase activity and urinary creatinine excretion. Free Radical Research 29, 565–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Priemé, H, Loft, S, Nyyssönen, , Salonen, JT & Poulsen, HE (1997) No effect of supplementation with vitamin E, ascorbic acid, or coenzyme Q10 on oxidative DNA damage estimated by 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine excretion in smokers. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 65, 503–507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Proteggente, AR, Rehman, A, Halliwell, B & Rice-Evans, CA (2000) Potential problems of ascorbate and iron supplementation: pro-oxidant effect in vivo?. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 277, 535–540.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ravanat, J-L, Duretz, B, Guiller, A, Douki, T & Cadet, J (1998) Isotope dilution high-preformance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry assay for the measurement of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine in biological samples. Journal of Chromatography 715, 349–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rehman, A, Bourne, LC, Halliwell, B & Rice-Evans, C (1999 a) Tomato consumption modulates oxidative DNA damage in humans. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 262, 828–831.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rehman, A, Collis, CS, Yang, M, Kelly, M, Diplock, AT, Halliwell, B & Rice-Evans, C (1998) The effects of iron and vitamin C co-supplementation on oxidative damage to DNA in healthy volunteers. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 246, 293–298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rehman, A, Nourooz-Zadeh, J, Moller, W, Tritschler, H, Pereira, P & Halliwell, B (1999 b) Increased oxidative damage to all DNA bases in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. FEBS Letters 448, 120–122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rice-Evans, C, Sampson, J, Bramley, PM & Holloway, DE (1997) Why do we expect carotenoids to be antioxidants in vivo?. Free Radical Research 26, 381–398.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rice-Evans, CA, Miller, NJ & Paganga, G (1996) Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 20, 933–956.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Riso, P, Pinder, A, Santangelo, A, & Porrini, M (1999) Does tomato consumption effectively increase the resistance of lymphocyte DNA to oxidative damage. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, 712–718.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Romano, G, Sgambato, A, Mancini, R, Capelli, G, Rosaria, M, Flamini, G, Boninsegna, A, Vecchione, A & Cittadini, A (2000) 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in cervical cells: correlation with grade of dysplasia and human papillomavirus infection. Carcinogenesis 21, 1143–1147CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shigenaga, MK, Gimeno, CJ & Ames, BN (1989) Urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine as a biological marker of in vivo oxidative DNA damage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 86, 9697–9701.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shimoda, R, Nagashima, M, Sakamoto, M, Yamaguchi, N, Hirohashi, S, Yokota, J & Kasai, H (1994) Increased formation of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, in human livers with chronic hepatitis. Cancer Research 54, 3171–3172.Google ScholarPubMed
Sies, H & Stahl, W (1995) Vitamins E and C, beta-carotene, and other carotenoids as antioxidants. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, 1315S–1321SCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, MJ, Inserra, PF, Watson, RR, Wise, JA & O'Neill, KL (1999) Supplementation with fruit and vegetable extracts may decrease DNA damage in the peripheral lymphocytes of an elderly population. Nutrition Research 19, 1507–1518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stentürker, S, Karahalil,, B, Inal, M, Yilmaz, H, Muslumanoglu, H, Gedikoglu, G & Dizdaroglu, M (1997) Oxidative DNA base damage and antioxidant enzyme levels in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. FEBS Letters 416, 286–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stocker, R & Frei, B (1991) Endogenous antioxidant defences in human blood plasma. In Oxidative Stress: Oxidants and Antioxidants, pp. 213–243 [Sies, H editor]. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Sumida, S, Doi, T, Sakurai, M, Yoshioka, Y & Okamura, K (1997) Effect of a single bout of exercise and beta-carotene supplementation on the urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine in humans. Free Radical Research 27, 607–618.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tagesson, C, Kallberg, M, Klintenberg, C & Starkhammar, H (1995) Determination of urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine by automated coupled-column high performance liquid chromatography: a powerful technique for assaying in vivo oxidative DNA damage in cancer patients. European Journal of Cancer 31A, 934–940.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson, HJ, Heimendinger, J, Haegele, A, Sedlacek, SM, Gillette, C, O'Neill, P, Wolfe, P & Conroy, C (1999) Effect of increased vegetable and fruit consumption on markers of oxidative cellular damage. Carcinogenesis 20, 2261–2266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torbergsen, AC & Collins, AR (2000) Recovery of human lymphocytes from oxidative DNA damage; the apparent enhancement of DNA repair by carotenoids is probably simply an antioxidant effect. European Journal of Nutrition 39, 80–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsuboi, H, Kouda, K, Takeuchi, H, Takigawa, M, Masamoto, Y, Takeuchi, M & Ochi, H (1998) 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in urine as an index of oxidative damage to DNA in the evaluation of atopic dermatitis. British Journal of Dermatology 138, 1033–1035.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verhagen, H, Poulsen, HE, Loft, S, van Poppel, G, Willems, MI & van Bladeren, PJ (1995) Reduction of oxidative DNA-damage in humans by Brussels sprouts. Carcinogenesis 16, 969–970.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vojdani, A, Bazargan, M, Vojdani, E & Wright, J (2000) New evidence for the antioxidant properties of vitamin C. Cancer Detection and Prevention 24, 508–523.Google ScholarPubMed
Vulimiri, SV, Wu, X, Baer-Dubowska, W, de Andrade, M, Detry, M, Spitz, MR & DiGiovanni, J (2000) Analysis of aromatic DNA adducts and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine in lymphocyte DNA from a case-control study of lung cancer involving minority populations. Molecular Carcinogenesis 27, 34–46.3.0.CO;2-G>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Witt, EH, Reznick, AZ, Viguie, CA, Starke-Reed, P & Packer, L (1992) Exercise, oxidative damage and effects of antioxidant manipulation. Journal of Nutrition 122, 766–773.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woods, JA, Bilton, RF & Young, AJ (1999) Beta-carotene enhances hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage in human hepatocellular HepG2 cells. FEBS Letters 449, 255–258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (1997) Food, Nutrition and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective. Washington, DC: American Institute for Cancer Research.Google Scholar
Yamamoto, T, Hosokawa, K, Tamura, T, Kanno, H, Urabe, M & Honjo, H (1996) Urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in women with or without gynaecologic cancer. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 22, 359–363.Google ScholarPubMed
Yeh, SL & Hu, ML (2000) Antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects of lycopene in comparison with beta-carotene on oxidant-induced damage in Hs68 cells. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 11, 548–554.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, J, Perry, G, Smith, MA, Robertson, D, Olson, SJ, Graham, DG & Montine, TJ (1999) Parkinson's disease is associated with oxidative damage to cytoplasmic DNA and RNA in substantia nigra neurons. American Journal of Pathology 154, 1423–1429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, P & Omaye, ST (2001) DNA strand breakage and oxygen tension: effects of beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid. Food and Chemical Toxicology 39, 239–246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed