Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T15:47:56.408Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

From Physical to Spiritual: Defining the practice of embodied sonic meditation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 November 2020

Jiayue Cecilia Wu*
Affiliation:
College of Arts and Media, University of Colorado Denver, USA

Abstract

This article narrates my practice-based research in embodied sonic meditation, as a Digital Musical Instrument (DMI) designer, a vocalist, a composer, a media artist and a long-term meditation practitioner. I define the concept of ‘embodied sonic meditation’ in the context of electroacoustic sound art with the augmentation by music technology and human-centred design. I historically connect embodied sonic meditation to its roots in Tibetan Buddhism and several inspiring music compositional practices in the Western world from the second half of the twentieth century. I argue that physicality and spirituality are unified in an inseparable non-duality form, through sound, body and mind. I develop a methodology for embodied sonic meditation practice, built on fifteen design principles based on previous research in DMI design principles, neuroscience research in meditation, Csikszentmihalyi’s Flow Theory, and the criteria of efficiency, music subjectivity, affordance, culture constraints and meaning making. I then make reference to three proof-of-concept case studies that use a sensor-augmented body as an instrument to create sound and sonic awareness. I argue that embodied sonic meditation affords an opportunity for sound art to mediate cultures, improve people’s well-being, and better connect people to their inner peace and the outer world.

Type
Articles
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press, 2020.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Baker, I. A. 2018. Tibetan Yoga: Somatic Practice in Vajrayana Buddhism and Dzogchen. In Baier, K., Maas, P. A. and Preisendanz, K. (eds.) Yoga in Transformation: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. Gottingen: V&R Unipress, 335–85.Google Scholar
Bryant, B. and Dalai Lama XIV Bstan-’dzin-rgya. 1992. The Wheel of Time Sand Mandala: Visual Scripture of Tibetan Buddhism. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco. Google Scholar
Cadoz, C. and Wanderley, M. M. 2000. Gesture-music. In Wanderley, M. M. and Battier, M. (eds.) Trends in Gestrual Control of Music. Paris: IRCAM, 7193.Google Scholar
Cecchetto, D. 2013. Humanesis: Sound and Technological Posthumanism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chadabe, J. 1997. Electric Sound: The Past and Promise of Electronic Music. London: Pearson College Division. Google Scholar
Chagas, P. C. 2014. Unsayable Music: Six Reflections on Musical Semiotics, Electroacoustic and Digital Music. Leuven: Leuven University Press.Google Scholar
Chechile, A. 2007. Music Re-Informed by the Brain. PhD thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, New York.Google Scholar
Christensen, J. F., Gaigg, S. B., Gomila, A., Oke, P. and Calvo-Merino, B. 2014. Enhancing Emotional Experiences to Dance Through Music: The Role of Valence and Arousal in the Cross-modal Bias. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/4520/ Google ScholarPubMed
Conti, F. and Khatib, O. 2005. Spanning Large Workspaces using Small Haptic Devices. First Joint Eurohaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems. World Haptics Conference. IEEE, 183–8.Google Scholar
Cook, P. 2017. Principles for Designing Computer Music Controllers. In A NIME Reader. Cham: Springer, 113.Google Scholar
Crossley-Holland, P. 1967. The State of Research in Tibetan Folk Music. Ethnomusicology 11 (2): 170–87.Google Scholar
Csikszentmihalyi, M. 1975. Beyond Boredom and Anxiety. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Google Scholar
Cumming, N. 2000. The Sonic Self: Musical Subjectivity and Signification. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. Google Scholar
Dalai, Lama and Berzin, A. 1997. The Gelug/Kagyu tradition of mahamudra. Boston: Shambhala. Google Scholar
Darwin, C. and Prodger, P. 1998. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
De Silva, P. 1995. Theoretical Perspectives on Emotions in Early Buddhism. In Marked, J and Ames, R. T. (eds.) Emotions in East Asian Thought: A Dialogue in Comparative Philosophy. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 109–22.Google Scholar
Essl, G. and O’Modhrain, S. 2006. An Enactive Approach to the Design of New Tangible Musical Instruments. Organised Sound 11 (3): 285–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fels, S. 2004. Designing for Intimacy: Creating New Interfaces for Musical Expression. Proceedings of the IEEE 92 (4): 672–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fremantle, F. 2000. The Tibetan Book of the Dead: The Great Liberation through Hearing in the Bardo. Boston: Shambhala. Google Scholar
Geertz, C. 1966. The Impact of the Concept of Culture on the Concept of Man. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 22 (4): 28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, J. J. 1966. The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems. New York: Cornell University. Google Scholar
Gyatso, K. 2007. Clear Light of Bliss: The Practice of Mahamudra in Vajrayana Buddhism. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. Google Scholar
Hahn, T. 2007. Sensational Knowledge: Embodying Culture through Japanese Dance. Middlebury, CT: Wesleyan University Press. Google Scholar
Hamming, R. R. 1997. Art of Doing Science and Engineering: Learning to Learn. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Google Scholar
Hanh, T. N. 1990. Present Moment Wonderful Moment: Mindfulness Verses for Daily Living. New York: Parallax Press.Google Scholar
Hayles, N. K. 2008. How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
Hege, A. K. 2014. Spirit in the Flesh: Essays on the Relationship between the Body and Meaning in Performance. PhD diss., Princeton University.Google Scholar
Hewitt, D. G. and Stevenson, I. 2003. Emic-Extended Mic-stand Interface Controller. Proceedings of the 2003 Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression. Singapore, 122–8.Google Scholar
Howe, T. E., Lövgreen, B., Cody, F. W. J., Ashton, V. J. and Oldham, J. A. 2003. Auditory Cues Can Modify the Gait of Persons with Early-Stage Parkinson’s Disease: A Method for Enhancing Parkinsonian Walking Performance? Clinical Rehabilitation 17 (4): 363–7.Google ScholarPubMed
Jackson, S. A. and Marsh, H. W. 1996. Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Optimal Experience: The Flow State Scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 18 (1): 1735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joseph, B. W. 2011. Biomusic. In Grey Room. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 128–50.Google Scholar
Kabat-Zinn, J. 2003. Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR). Constructivism in the Human Sciences 8 (2): 7383.Google Scholar
Kolas, A. and Thowsen, M. P. 2011. On the Margins of Tibet: Cultural Survival on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. Google Scholar
Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M. 1999. Philosophy in the Flesh, vol. 4. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Legg, C. 2002. Review of Naomi Cumming, The Sonic Self: Musical Subjectivity and Signification. Semiotic Inquiry 22: 313–27.Google Scholar
Leman, M. 2008. Embodied Music Cognition and Mediation Technology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Lingpa, J., Mahapandita, G. and Rinpoche, P. 2006. Deity, Mantra, and Wisdom: Development Stage Meditation in Tibetan Buddhist Tantra. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion. Google Scholar
Loizzo, J. J., Peterson, J. C., Charlson, M. E., Wolf, E. J., Altemus, M., Briggs, W. M., Vahdat, L. T. and Caputo, T. A. 2010. The Effect of a Contemplative Self-healing Program on Quality of Life in Women with Breast and Gynecologic Cancers. Alternative Therapies in Health & Medicine 16 (3): 30–7.Google ScholarPubMed
Lowe, B. 2011. ‘In the Heard, Only the Heard…’: Music, Consciousness, and Buddhism. In Clarke, D. and Clarke, E (eds.) Music and Consciousness: Philosophical, Psychological, and Cultural Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 111–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lutz, A., Slagter, H. A., Dunne, J. D. and Davidson, R. J. 2008. Attention Regulation and Monitoring in Meditation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 12 (4): 163–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Magnusson, T. 2010. Designing Constraints: Composing and Performing with Digital Musical Systems. Computer Music Journal 34 (4): 6273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLuhan, M. [1964] 1994. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. Corte Madera, CA: Ginkgo Press. Google Scholar
Nair, S. 2013. ‘Mudra: choreography in hands.Body, Space & Technology 11 (2). DOI:http://doi.org/10.16995/bst.61 Google Scholar
Oliveros, P. 2005. Deep Listening: A Composer‘s Sound Practice. New York: IUniverse. Google Scholar
Osborne, W. 2000. Sounding the Abyss of Otherness: Pauline Oliveros’ Deep Listening and the Sonic Meditations. In Women Making Art. New York: Lang, 6586.Google Scholar
Ospina, M. B., Bond, K., Karkhaneh, M., Buscemi, N., Dryden, D. M., Barnes, V., et al. 2008. Clinical Trials of Meditation Practices in Health Care: Characteristics and Quality. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 14 (10): 1199–213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peirce, C. S. 1902.’Logic as Semiotic: The Theory of Signs. In Philosophical Writings of Peirce, selected and ed. Buchler, J.. New York: Dover, 98119.Google Scholar
Pearlman, E. 2002. Tibetan Sacred Dance: A Journey into the Religious and Folk Traditions. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions/Bear & Co.Google Scholar
Radigue, É. 1998. Trilogie de la Mort (Trilogy of Death). www.experimentalintermedia.org/xi/119.shtml.Google Scholar
Rajagopal, D., Mackenzie, E., Bailey, C. and Lavizzo-Mourey, R. 2002. The Effectiveness of a Spiritually-Based Intervention to Alleviate Subsyndromal Anxiety and Minor Depression Among Older Adults. Journal of Religion and Health 41 (2): 153–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roads, C. 2015. Composing Electronic Music: A New Aesthetic. New York: Oxford University Press. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samuel, G. and David, A. R. 2016. The Multiple Meanings and Uses of Tibetan Ritual Dance: Cham’ in Context. Journal of Ritual Studies 30 (1): 724.Google Scholar
Simon, H. A. 1996. The Sciences of the Artificial, 3rd edn. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Google Scholar
Slagter, H. A., Davidson, R. J. and Lutz, A. 2011. Mental Training as a Tool in the Neuroscientific Study of Brain and Cognitive Plasticity. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 5. www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00017/full Google ScholarPubMed
Smith, H., Stevens, K. N. and Tomlinson, R. S. 1967. On an Unusual Mode of Chanting by Certain Tibetan Lamas. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 41 (5): 1262–4.Google Scholar
Snellgrove, D. L., Richardson, H. E., Richardson, H. and Snellgrove, D. 1968. A Cultural History of Tibet. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. Google Scholar
Stein, R. A. 1972. Tibetan Civilization. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Google Scholar
Stewart, J., Tucker, S., Williams, P. A. and Haaheim, K. 2018. AUMI-Futurism: The Elsewhere and ‘Elsewhen’ of (Un)Rolling the Boulder and Turning the Page. Music and Arts in Action 6 (1). www.musicandartsinaction.net/index.php/maia/article/view/140 Google Scholar
Swidler, A. 1986. Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies. American Sociological Review 51 (2): 273–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanaka, A. 2010. Mapping out Instruments, Affordances, and Mobiles. Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME), Sydney, Australia.www.nime.org/proceedings/2010/nime2010_088.pdf Google Scholar
Teitelbaum, R. 2006. Improvisation, Computers and the Unconscious Mind. Contemporary Music Review 25 (5–6): 497508.Google Scholar
Vandor, I. 1974. Cymbals and Trumpets from the ‘Roof of the World’. Music Educators Journal 61 (1): 106–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varela, F. J., Rosch, E. and Thompson, E. 1993. The Embodied Mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Waisvisz, M. 1985. The Hands: A Set of Remote Midi Controllers. In Truax, B. (ed.) Proceedings of the 1985 International Computer Music Conference. San Francisco: International Computer Music Association, 1518.Google Scholar
Wang, G. 2014. Principles of Visual Design for Computer Music. Proceedings ICMC/SMC/2014, 14–20 Athens, Greece, 391–6. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.bbp2372.2014.060 Google Scholar
Wessel, D. and Wright, M. 2002. Problems and Prospects for Intimate Musical Control of Computers. Computer Music Journal 26 (3): 1122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, R. 2013. Keywords (Routledge Revivals): A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. Abingdon: Routledge. Google Scholar
Wrigley, W. J. and Emmerson, S. B. 2013. The Experience of the Flow State in Live Music Performance. Psychology of Music 41 (3): 292305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, J. C. 2015. The Expressionist: A Gestural Mapping Instrument for Voice and Multimedia Enrichment. The International Journal of New Media, Technology and the Arts 10 (1): 1119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, J. C. and Ren, D. 2019. Resonance of the Heart: A Direct Experience of Embodied Sonic Meditation. Proceedings of the 25st International Symposium on Electronic Art (ISEA), Gwangju, Korea, 22–28 June, 247–53.Google Scholar
Wu, J. C., Huberth, M., Yeh, Y.-H. and Wright, M. 2016. Evaluating the Audience’s Perception of Real-Time Gestural Control and Mapping Mechanisms in Electroacoustic Vocal Performance. Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression, Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University, 206–11. www.nime.org/proceedings/2016/nime2016_paper0042.pdf Google Scholar
Wu, J. C., Smith, J. O., Zhou, Y. and Wright, M. 2017. Embodied Sonic Meditation and Its Proof-of-Concept: ‘Resonance of the Heart’. Ann Arbor, MI: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library, Google Scholar
Wu, J. C., Yeh, Y.-H., Michon, R., Weitzner, N., Abel, J. S. and Wright, M. 2015. Tibetan Singing Prayer Wheel: A Hybrid Musical-Spiritual Instrument Using Gestural Control.’ Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression, Louisiana State University, 91–4.Google Scholar

Discography

Glass, P. 2000. Symphony No. 5: Requiem, Bardo, Nirmanakaya. Nonesuch, 79618-2.Google Scholar
Henry, P. 1962. Le voyage. d´aprés le Livre des Morts Tibétain. Philips, 836 899 DSYGoogle Scholar
Zhang, X. 1996. Nuo-rilang. CD ISRC CN-M35-06-0002-0000/A.J6Google Scholar

Wu supplementary movie 1

Movie 1

Download Wu supplementary movie 1(Video)
Video 49.4 MB

Wu supplementary material

Wu supplementary material 2

Download Wu supplementary material(Video)
Video 10.9 MB

Wu supplementary material

Wu supplementary material 3

Download Wu supplementary material(Video)
Video 146.1 MB