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Facies preference predicts extinction risk in Ordovician graptolites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2016

Roger A. Cooper  and
Peter M. Sadler
Roger A. Cooper
Affiliation:
GNS Science, Post Office Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. E-mail: r.cooper@gns.cri.nz
Peter M. Sadler
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521. E-mail: peter.sadler@ucr.edu
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Abstract

The most abundant and diverse graptolite assemblages are found in offshore, deep-water black shales—the classical “graptolite fades” (deep-water or isograptid biofacies). The mean duration of Ordovician graptolite species confined to the deep-water facies (here referred to as “group 1” species) is 2.19 Myr, significantly shorter than the mean duration of species in the deep-water facies that are also known in sediments of the shallow-water shelf or platform (“group 2” species) −4.42 Myr, indicating a significantly higher extinction probability (p = <0.001). These figures are based on the precise age ranges of species derived from the time-calibrated composite sequence of 1446 Ordovician to early Devonian graptolites, built by the constrained optimization procedure (CONOP) from 256 measured sections worldwide, and exclude the effects of the Hirnantian mass extinction. The difference between groups cuts across families, morphological types, and pandemic/endemic distributions. An environmental influence is strongly suggested, and although both groups were planktonic, they were unlikely to have shared the same habitat in the water column. The new duration measurements therefore are interpreted as favoring a depth-stratification of graptolite habitats in the water column.

Type
Articles
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 36 , Issue 2 , Spring 2010 , pp. 167 - 187
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

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