Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T23:34:30.811Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Selectivity of foraminiferal extinction in the late Eocene

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2016

Amit Banerjee  and
George E. Boyajian
Amit Banerjee
Affiliation:
Geology Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316
George E. Boyajian
Affiliation:
Principal, Science & Technology, Roundtable Partners Incorporated, 1400 Mill Creek Road, Gladwyne, Pennsylvania 19035
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Late Eocene foraminiferal extinction shows diverse patterns of selective morphologic and latitudinal extinction. Taxa with discoidal shape, calcareous tests, and narrow and low-latitudinal ranges are at significantly greater risk of extinction. Elevated extinction intensities in calcareous tests are mainly due to the presence of larger benthic foraminifera that evolved in late Paleocene and diversified through the lower to middle Eocene. Selectivity of late Eocene foraminiferal extinction indicates that this extinction event was not a globally uniform event. Although this result does not verify an extraterrestrial impact or any other proposed cause of extinction, it does constrain the causes of late Eocene extinction. Furthermore, the geography of late Eocene foraminiferal extinction, and previously studied Cenomanian/Turonian extinction, demonstrates that mass extinctions exhibit different patterns of selectivity.

Type
Articles
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 23 , Issue 3 , Summer 1997 , pp. 347 - 357
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Adams, C. G. 1983. Speciation, phylogenesis, tectonism, climate and eustasy: factors in the evolution of Cenozoic larger foraminiferal bioprovinces. Pp. 255–289In Sims, R. W., Price, J. H., and Whalley, P. E. S., eds. Evolution, time and space: the emergence of biosphere. Academic Press, London and New York.Google Scholar
Alvarez, W., Alvarez, L. W., Asaro, F., and Michel, H. V. 1982. Current status of the impact theory for the terminal Cretaceous extinction. Geological Society of America Special Paper 190:305–328. Boulder, Colo.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banerjee, A., and Boyajian, G. 1996. Changing biologic selectivity of extinction in the foraminifera over the last 150 m.y. Geology 24:607–610.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrera, E., and Huber, B. T. 1991. Paleogene and early Neogene oceanography of the Southern Ocean: Leg 119 foraminifer stable isotope results. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results 119:693–717.Google Scholar
Bernhard, J. M. 1986. Characteristic assemblages and morphologies of benthic foraminifera from anoxic, organic-rich deposits: Jurassic through Holocene. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 16:207–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, W. B. N. 1979. Graptolite biogeography: a biogeography of some Lower Paleozoic plankton. Pp. 105–115In Gray, J. and Boucot, A. J., eds. Historical Biogeography, plate tectonics, and the changing environment. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis.Google Scholar
Brasier, M. D. 1988. Foraminiferal extinction and ecological collapse during global biological events. Pp. 37–64In Larwood, G. P., ed. Extinction and survival in the fossil record. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Bretsky, P. W. 1973. Evolutionary patterns in the Paleozoic Bivalvia: documentation and some theoretical considerations. Geological Society of America Bulletin 84:2079–2096.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burns, D. A., and Nelson, C. S. 1981. Oxygen isotopic paleotemperatures across the Runangan-Whaingaroan (Eocene-Oligocene) boundary in a New Zealand shelf sequence. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 24:529–538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byerly, G. R., Hazel, J. E., and McCabe, C. 1988. A new late Eocene microspherule layer in central Mississippi. Mississippi Geology 8:1–5.Google Scholar
Caralp, M. H. 1984. Impact de la matière organique dans les zones de forte productivité sur certains foraminifères benthiques. Oceanologica Acta 7:509–515.Google Scholar
Cavelier, C., Chateauneuf, J. J., Pomerol, C., Rabussier, D., Renard, M., and Vergnaud-Grazzini, C. 1981. The geological events at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 36:223–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copper, P. 1977. Paleolatitudes in the Devonian of Brazil and the Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 21:165–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copper, P. 1989. Enigmas in Phanerozoic reef development: Memoire Association Australas. Palaeontology 8:371–385.Google Scholar
Corliss, B. H. 1981. Deep-sea benthonic foraminiferal faunal turnover near the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. Marine Micropaleontology 6:367–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corliss, B. H. 1991. Morphology and micro habitat preferences of benthic foraminifera from the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Marine Micropaleontology 17:195–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corliss, B. H., and Chen, C. 1988. Morphotype patterns of Norwegian Sea deep sea benthic foraminifera and ecological implications. Geology 16:716–719.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corliss, B. H., and Emerson, E. 1990. Distribution of rose bengal stained deep-sea benthic foraminifera from the Nova Scotian continental margin and Gulf of Maine. Deep Sea Research 37:381–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corliss, B. H., Aubry, M., Berggren, W. A., Fenner, J. M., Keigwin, L. D. Jr., and Keller, G. 1984. The Eocene/Oligocene boundary event in the deep sea. Science 226:806–810.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crowley, T. J. 1983. The geologic record of climate change. Review of Geophysics and Space Physics 21:828–875.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglas, R. G. 1981. Paleoecology of continental margin basins: a modern case history from the borderland of southern California. Pp. 121–156In Douglas, R. G., Colburn, I. P., and Gorsline, D. S., eds. Depositional system of active continental margin basins. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section Short Course Notes. San Francisco.Google Scholar
Douglas, R. G., and Woodruff, F. 1981. Deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Pp. 1233–1327In Emiliani, C., ed. The sea, Vol. 7. Wiley-Interscience, New York.Google Scholar
Erwin, D. W. 1989. Regional paleoecology of Permian gastropod genera, southwestern United States and the end-Permian mass extinction. Palaios 4:424–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erwin, D. W. 1993. The great Paleozoic crisis: life and death in the Permian. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Ganpathy, R. 1982. Evidence for a major meteorite impact on the Earth 34 million years ago: implications for Eocene extinctions. Science 216:885–886.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glass, B. P. 1982. Possible correlations between tektite events and climatic changes? Geological Society of America Special Paper 190:251–256. Boulder, Colo.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hallam, A. 1981. The end-Triassic bivalve extinction event. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 35:1–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hallock, P. 1979. Trends in test shape with depth in large symbiont bearing foraminifera. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 9:61–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hallock, P. 1982. Evolution and extinction in larger foraminifera. Proceedings of the Third North American Paleontological Convention 1:221–225. Montreal.Google Scholar
Haq, B. U. 1981. Paleogene paleoceanography: early Cenozoic oceans revisited. Oceanologica Acta 4(Suppl.):71–82.Google Scholar
Haq, B. U. 1982. Climatic acms events in the sea and on land. Pp. 126–132In NRC Geophysics Study Committee. Climate in earth history. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Harland, W. B., Armstrong, R., Cox, A. V., Craig, L. E., Smith, A. G., and Smith, D. G. 1990. A geologic time scale 1989. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Haynes, J. R. 1981. Foraminifera. Wiley, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hazel, J. E. 1989. Chronostratigraphy of upper Eocene microspherules. Palaios 4:318–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huber, B. T., Liu, C. J., Olsson, R. K., and Berggren, W. A. 1994. Comment on the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary transition in the Antarctic Ocean and its global implications by Keller, G. Marine Micropaleontology 24:91–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jablonski, D. 1986a. Background and mass extinctions: the alternation of macroevolutionary regimes. Science 231:129–133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jablonski, D. 1986b. Causes and consequences of mass extinctions: a comparative approach. Pp. 183–229In Elliot, D. K., ed. Dynamics of extinction. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Jablonski, D. 1986c. Evolutionary consequences of mass extinctions. Pp. 313–330In Raup, D. M. and Jablonski, D., eds. Pattern and processes in the history of life. Springer, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jablonski, D. 1991. Extinctions: a paleontological perspective. Science 253:754–757.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jablonski, D., and Raup, D. M. 1995. Selectivity of end-Cretaceous marine bivalve extinctions. Science 268:389–391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jenkins, D. G. 1986. The Eocene/Oligocene boundary in deep sea deposits. Pp. 203–207In Pomerol, C. and Premoli-Silva, I., eds. Terminal Eocene events. Elsevier, Amsterdam.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaiho, K. 1994. Planktonic and benthic foraminiferal extinction events during the last 100 m.y. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 111:45–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kauffman, E. G. 1984. The fabric of Cretaceous marine extinctions. Pp. 151–246In Berggren, W. A. and Van Couvering, J. A., eds. Catastrophes and earth history. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.Google Scholar
Kauffman, E. G., and Fagerstrom, J. A. 1993. The Phanerozoic evolution of reef diversity. Pp. 315–329In Ricklefs, R. E. and Schluter, D., eds. Species diversity in ecological communities. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Keigwin, L. D. Jr. 1980. Paleoceanographic change in the Pacific at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. Nature 287:722–725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, G. 1983. Biochronology and paleoclimatic implications of middle Eocene to Oligocene foraminifera. Marine Micropaleontology 7:463–486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, G., D'Hondt, S., and Vallier, T. L. 1983. Multiple microtektite horizons in upper Eocene marine sediments: no evidence for mass extinctions. Science 221:150–152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kennett, J. P. 1983. Paleo-oceanography: global ocean evolution. Review Geophysics and Space Physics 21:1258–1274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koutsoukos, E. A. M., Leary, P. N., and Hart, M. B. 1990. Latest Cenomanian-earliest Turonian low-oxygen tolerant benthonic foraminifera: a case study from the Sergipe Basin (NE Brazil) and the western Anglo-Paris Basin (southern England). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 77:145–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, M. S. Y. 1997. Documenting present and past biodiversity: conservation biology meets paleontology. Trends in Evolution and Ecology 12:132–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipps, J. H. 1970. Plankton evolution. Evolution 24:1–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loeblich, A. R., and Tappan, H. 1988. Foraminiferal genera and their classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackensen, A., and Ehrmann, W. U. 1992. Middle Eocene through early Oligocene climate history and paleoceanography in the Southern Ocean: stable oxygen and carbon isotopes from ODP Sites on Maud Rise and Kerguelen Plateau. Marine Geology 108:1–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKinney, M. L. 1987. Taxonomic selectivity and continuous variation in mass and background extinctions of marine taxa. Nature 325:143–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLaren, D. 1996. Mass extinctions are rapid events. Palaios 11:409–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, K. G., Berggren, W. A., Zhang, J., and Palmer-Julson, A. A. 1991. Biostratigraphy and isotope stratigraphy of upper Eocene microtektites at Site 612: how many impacts? Palaios 6:17–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, K. G., Katz, M. E., and Berggren, W. A. 1992. Cenozoic deep-sea benthic foraminifera: a tale of three turnovers. Pp. 67–75In Takayanagi, Y. and Saito, T., eds. Studies in Benthic Foraminifera BENTHOS '90. Tokai University Press, Sendai, Japan.Google Scholar
Molina, E., Gonzalvo, C., and Keller, G. 1993. The Eocene-Oligocene planktic foraminiferal transition: extinctions, impacts and hiatuses. Geological Magazine 130:483–499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niensted, J. C., and Arnold, A. J. 1988. The distribution of benthic foraminifera on sea mounts near the East Pacific Rise. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 18:237–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norris, G. 1982. Spore-pollen evidence for early Oligocene high-latitude cool climatic episode in northern Canada. Nature 297:387–389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norris, R. D. 1991. Biased extinction and evolutionary trends. Paleobiology 17:388–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norris, R. D. 1992. Extinction selectivity and ecology in planktonic foraminifera. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 95:1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Keefe, J. A. 1980. The terminal Eocene event: formation of a ring system around the Earth. Nature 285:309–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poag, C. W., Powars, D. S., Poppe, L. J., Mixon, R. B., Edwards, L. E., Folger, D. W., and Bruce, S. 1992. Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 612 bolide event: new evidence of a late Eocene impact-wave deposit and a possible impact site, US east coast. Geology 20:771–774.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prothero, D. R., and Berggren, W. A. 1992. Eocene-Oligocene climatic and biotic evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raup, D., and Boyajian, G. 1988. Patterns of generic extinction in the fossil record. Paleobiology 14:109–125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raup, D. M., and Jablonski, D. 1993. Geography of end-Cretaceous marine bivalve extinctions. Science 260:971–973.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raup, D. M., and Sepkoski, J. J. Jr. 1986. Periodic extinction of families and genera. Science 231:833–835.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ross, M. I. 1992. PaleoGeographic Information System/Mac (PGIS) software. Earth in Motion Technologies, Houston.Google Scholar
Roy, K., Jablonski, D., and Valentine, J. W. 1996. Higher taxa in biodiversity studies: patterns from eastern Pacific marine mollusks. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 351:1605–1613.Google Scholar
Saunders, J. B. 1985. Events around the Eocene-Oligocene boundary in the Bath Cliff section, Barbados, West Indies. Terra Cognita 5:115–116.Google Scholar
Sen Gupta, B. K., and Machain-Castillo, M. L. 1993. Benthic foraminifera in oxygen poor habitats. Marine Micropaleontology 20:183–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sen Gupta, B. K., Lee, R. F., and Mallory, S. M. 1981. Upwelling and an unusual assemblage of benthic foraminifera on the northern Florida continental slope. Journal of Paleontology 55:853–857.Google Scholar
Sepkoski, J. J. Jr. 1986. Phanerozoic overview of mass extinction. Pp. 277–295In Raup, D. M. and Jablonski, D., eds. Pattern and processes in the history of life. Springer, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sepkoski, J. J. Jr., and Kendrick, D. C. 1993. Numerical experiments with model monophyletic and paraphyletic taxa. Paleobiology 19:168–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheehan, P. M. 1979. Swedish late Ordovician marine benthic assemblages and their bearing on brachiopod zoogeography. Pp. 61–73In Gray, J. and Boucot, A. J., eds. Historical biogeography, plate tectonics, and the changing environment. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis.Google Scholar
Sjoerdsma, P. G., and Van der Zwann, G. J. 1992. Simulating the effect of changing organic flux and oxygen content on the distribution of benthic foraminifera. Marine Micropaleontology 19:163–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snyder, S. W., Müller, C., and Miller, K. G. 1984. Eocene-Oligocene boundary: biostratigraphic recognition and gradual paleoceanographic change in DSDP Site 549. Geology 12:112–115.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Talent, J. A. 1988. Organic reef-building: episodes of extinction and symbiosis. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 69:315–368.Google Scholar
Tappan, H., and Loeblich, A. R. 1971. Geologic implications of phytoplankton evolution and time-space distribution. Geological Society of America Special Paper 127:247–340. Boulder, Colo.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, E. 1992. Middle Eocene-Late Oligocene bathyal benthic foraminifera (Weddell Sea): faunal changes and implications for ocean circulation. Pp. 245–271In Prothero, D. R. and Berggren, W. A., eds. Eocene-Oligocene climatic and biotic evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toumarkine, M., and Luterbacher, H. 1985. Paleocene and Eocene planktic foraminifera. Pp. 87–154In Saunders, J. B. and Perch-Nielsen, K., eds. Plankton stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Vail, P. R., Mitchum, R. M., and Thompson, S. 1977. Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea-level, Part 4: global cycles of relative change of sea level. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 26:83–97.Google Scholar
Valentine, J. W., and Moores, E. M. 1973. Provinciality and diversity across the Permian-Triassic boundary. Pp. 759–766In Logan, A. and Hills, L. V., eds. The Permian and Triassic Systems and their mutual boundary. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geology Memoir 2. Calgary.Google Scholar
Van Couvering, J. A., Aubry, M. P., Berggren, W. A., Bujak, J. P., Naeser, C. W., and Weiser, T. 1981. The terminal Eocene event and the Polish connection. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 36:321–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Eijden, A. J. M. 1995. Morphology and relative frequency of planktic foraminiferal species in relation to oxygen isotopically inferred depth habitats. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 113:267–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Valen, L. 1984. A resetting of Phanerozoic community evolution. Nature 307:50–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterhouse, J. B. 1973. The Permian-Triassic boundary in New Zealand and New Caledonia and its relationship to world climate changes and extinction of Permian life. Pp. 445–464In Logan, A. and Hills, L. V., eds. The Permian and Triassic Systems and their mutual boundary. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geology Memoir 2. Calgary.Google Scholar
Wei, K. Y. 1991. Evidence for an earliest Oligocene abrupt cooling in the surface waters of the Southern Ocean. Geology 19:780–783.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wei, K. Y., and Kennett, J. P. 1983. Nonconstant extinction rates of Neogene planktonic foraminifera. Nature 305:218–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wei, K. Y., and Kennett, J. P. 1986. Taxonomic evolution of Neogene planktonic foraminifera and paleoceanographic relations. Paleoceanography 1:67–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westrop, S. R. 1991. Intercontinental variation in mass extinction patterns: influence of biogeographic structure. Paleobiology 17:363–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zachos, J. C., Stott, L. D., and Lohmann, K. C. 1994. Evolution of early Cenozoic marine temperatures. Paleoceanography 9:353–387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar