Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T02:22:33.695Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Activity of the enzyme adenosine deaminase in serum, erythrocytes and lymphocytes of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2010

ALEKSANDRO S. DA SILVA ,
LUZIANE P. BELLÉ ,
PAULA E. R. BITENCOURT ,
VIVIANE C. G. SOUZA ,
MARCIO M. COSTA ,
CAMILA B. OLIVEIRA ,
JEANDRE A. JAQUES ,
DANIELA B. R. LEAL ,
MARIA B. MORETTO  and
CINTHIA M. MAZZANTI
...Show all authors
ALEKSANDRO S. DA SILVA*
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicological, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
LUZIANE P. BELLÉ
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicological, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
PAULA E. R. BITENCOURT
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicological, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
VIVIANE C. G. SOUZA
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
MARCIO M. COSTA
Affiliation:
Department of Small Animals, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
CAMILA B. OLIVEIRA
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
JEANDRE A. JAQUES
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
DANIELA B. R. LEAL
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
MARIA B. MORETTO
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicological, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
CINTHIA M. MAZZANTI
Affiliation:
Department of Small Animals, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
SONIA T. A. LOPES
Affiliation:
Department of Small Animals, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
SILVIA G. MONTEIRO
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi – 9, Building 20, Room 4232, CEP 97105900, Santa Maria – RS, Brazil. Tel: and Fax: + 55 55 32208958. E-mail: aleksandro_ss@yahoo.com.br
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

In Trypanosoma evansi infections changes in the haemogram are commonly observed, and the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) plays an important role in the production and differentiation of blood cells. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of ADA in serum, erythrocytes and lymphocytes of rats infected with T. evansi compared to non-infected rats. Thirty adult rats were used, divided into 3 uniform groups. The animals in groups A and B were infected intraperitoneally with 2×106 trypomastigotes/rat. Rodents from group C (control group), were not-infected. Blood collection was performed on days 4 and 20 post-infection (p.i.) in order to obtain acute and chronic infection stages of disease. The blood was used to assess the activity of ADA. In the blood, reduced haematocrit and increased lymphocytes were correlated with ADA activity in erythrocytes and lymphocytes. We observed reduction of ADA activity in serum and erythrocytes in rats infected with T. evansi compared to non-infected rats (P<0·05). ADA activity in lymphocytes was decreased after 4 days, when the parasitaemia was high and increased after 20 days, when the number of circulating parasites was low. In conclusion, our results showed that the ADA activity was altered in serum, lymphocytes and erythrocytes of rats, concomitantly with haematological parameters, in experimental infection by T. evansi.

Keywords

trypanosomosisADAanaemialymphocytosisrats
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 138 , Issue 2 , February 2011 , pp. 201 - 208
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aldrich, M., Blackburn, M. and Kellems, R. (2000). The importance of adenosine deaminase for lymphocyte development and function. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 272, 311–335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Al-Mohammed, H. I. (2006). Parasitological and immunological response of experimental infection with Trypanosoma evansi in rats. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 36, 363–371.Google Scholar
Aquino, L. P. C. T., Machado, R. Z., Alessi, A. C., Marques, L. C., Castro, M. B. and Malheiros, E. B. (2002). Aspectos hematológicos, bioquímicos e anatomopatológicos da infecção de Trypanosoma evansi em cães. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 54, 8–18.Google Scholar
Aran, J. M., Colomer, D., Matutes, E., Vives-Corrons, J. L. and Franco, R. (1991). Presence of adenosine deaminase on the surface of mononuclear cells: immunochemical localization using light and electron microscopy. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 39, 1001–1008.Google Scholar
Böyum, A. (1968). Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood. Isolation of mononuclear cells by one centrifugation, and of granulocytes by combining centrifugation and sedimentation at 1 g. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation (Suppl.) 97, 77–89.Google Scholar
Chiba, S., Matsumoto, H., Saitoh, M., Kasahara, M., Matsuya, M. and Kashiwagi, M. (1995). A correlation study between serum adenosine deaminase activities and peripheral lymphocyte subsets in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology Science 132, 170–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Codero, O., Salgado, F., Fernández-Alonso, C., Herrera, C., Lluis, C., Franco, R. and Nogueira, M. (2001). Cytokines regulate membrane adenosine deaminase on human activated lymphocytes. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 70, 920–930.Google Scholar
Colpo, C. B., Monteiro, S. G. and Stainki, D. R. (2005). Natural infection by Trypanosoma evansi in dogs. Ciencia Rural 35, 717–719.Google Scholar
Da Silva, A. S., Costa, M. M., Lopes, S. T. A. and Monteiro, S. G. (2008). Alterações hematológicas em coelhos infectados experimentalmente pelo Trypanosoma evansi. Ciência Rural 38, 538–542.Google Scholar
Da Silva, A. S., Wolkmer, P., Gressler, L. T., Otto, M. A., Bess, F., Tavares, K. C., Zanette, R. A. and Monteiro, S. G. (2009 a). Patogenicidade do isolado de Trypanosoma evansi em ratos inoculados com o parasito em sangue in natura e criopreservado. Ciência Rural 39, 1842–1846.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Da Silva, A. S., Zanette, R. A., Wolkmer, P., Costa, M. M., Gressler, L. T., Faccio, L., Santurio, J. M., Lopes, S. T. A. and Monteiro, S. G. (2009 b). Trypanosoma evansi: hematologic changes in experimentally infected cats. Experimental Parasitology 123, 31–34.Google Scholar
Da Silva, A. S., Spanevello, R., Stefanello, N., Wolkmer, P., Costa, M. M., Zanette, R. A., Lopes, S. T. A., Santurio, J. M., Schetinger, M. R. C. and Monteiro, S. G. (2010). Influence of Trypanosoma evansi in blood, plasma, and brain cholinesterase of experimentally infected cats. Research in Veterinary Science 88, 281–284.Google Scholar
Dávila, A. M. R. and Silva, R. A. M. S. (2000). Animal trypanosomiasis in South America. Current status, partnership, and information technology. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 916, 199–212.Google Scholar
De Koning, H. P. and Jarvis, S. M. (1999). Adenosine transporters in bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei: substrate recognition motifs and affinity for trypanocidal drugs. Molecular and Pharmacology 56, 1162–1170.Google Scholar
Franco, R., Aran, J. M., Colomer, D., Matutes, E., Vivis-Corrons, J. L. (1990). Association of adenosine deaminase with erythrocyte and platelet plasma membrane: an immunological study using light and electron microscopy. The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 38, 653–658.Google Scholar
Franco, R., Casado, V., Ciruela, F., Saura, C., Mallo, J., Canela, E. I. and Llouis, C. (1997). Cell surface adenosine deaminase: much more than an ectoenzyme. Progress in Neurobiology 52, 283–294.Google Scholar
Feldman, B. V., Zinkl, J. G. and Jain, N. C. (2000). Schalm's Veterinary Hematology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, USA.Google Scholar
Giusti, G. and Gakis, C. (1971). Temperature conversion factors, activation energy, relative substrate specificity and optimum pH of adenosine deaminase from human serum and tissues. Enzyme 12, 417–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herrera, H. M., Davila, A. M., Norek, A., Abreu, U. G., Souza, S. S., Andrea, O. S. and Jansen, A. M. (2004). Enzootiology of Trypanosoma evansi in Pantanal, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology 125, 263–275.Google Scholar
Hoare, C. A. (1972). The Trypanosomes of Mammals: a Zoological Monograph. Blackwell, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Hostetter, M. K. and Johnson, G. M. (1989). The erythrocyte as investigator of inflammation. Generation of amidated C3 by erythrocyte adenosine deaminase. Journal of Clinical Investigation 84, 665–671.Google Scholar
Jackson, E. K., Mi, Z., Koehler, M. T., Carcillo, J. A. and Herzer, W. A. (1996). Injured erythrocytes release adenosine deaminase into the circulation. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 279, 1250–1260.Google ScholarPubMed
Joshi, P. P., Shegokar, V. R., Power, R. M, Herder, S., Katti, R., Salkar, H. R., Dani, V. S. and Bhargava, A. (2005). Human Trypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma evansi in India: the first case report. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 73, 491–495.Google Scholar
Lun, Z. R. and Desser, S. S. (1995). Is the broad range of hosts and geographical distribution of Trypanosoma evansi attributable to the loss of maxicircle kinetoplast DNA? Parasitology Today 11, 131–133.Google Scholar
Khambu, B., Mehta, K. D., Rijal, S., Lamsal, M., Majhi, S. and Baral, N. (2007). Serum nitrite level and adenosine deaminase activity is altered in visceral Leishmaniasis. Nepal Medical College Journal 9, 40–43.Google ScholarPubMed
Kumar, S. and Tarleton, R. L. (2001). Antigen-specific Th1 but not Th2 cells provide protection from lethal Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. Journal of Immunology 166, 4596–4603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumar, V. and Sharma, A. (2009). Adenosine: an endogenous modulator of innate immune system with therapeutic potential. European Journal of Pharmacology 616, 7–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marques, L. C., Machado, R. Z., Alessi, A. C., Aquino, L. P. C. T. and Pereira, G. T. (2000). Experimental infection with Trypanosoma evansi in horses: clinical and haematological observations. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 9, 11–15.Google Scholar
Menezes, V. T., Queiroz, A. O., Gomes, M. A., Marques, M. A. and Jansen, A. M. (2004). Trypanosoma evansi in inbred and Swiss–Webster mice: distinct aspects of pathogenesis. Parasitology Research 94, 193–200.Google Scholar
Muraoka, T., Katsuramaki, T., Shiraishi, H. and Yokoyama, M. M. (1990). Automated enzymatic measurements of adenosine deaminase isozyme activities in serum. Analytical Biochemistry 187, 278–282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Okochi, V. I., Abaelu, A. M. and Akinrimisi, E. O. (1983). Studies on the mechanism of adenosine transport in Trypanosoma vivax. Biochemistry International 6, 129–139.Google Scholar
Omer, O. H., Mousa, H. M. and Al-Wabel, N. (2007). Study on the antioxidant status of rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Veterinary Parasitology 145, 142–145.Google Scholar
Ozcan, E., Abdurrahim, K., Salih, G. M., Vedat, B., Adnan, S. and Yuksel, O. (1998). Adenosine deaminase activities in sera, lymphocytes and granulocytes in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 93, 491–494.Google Scholar
Ozcan, E., Abdurrahim, K., Adnan, S., Senel, A. and Necmeddin, A. (1997). Serum erythrocyte and leukocyte adenosine deaminase activities in patients with vivax malaria in Turkey. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 27, 445–454.Google ScholarPubMed
Queiroz, A. O., Cabello, P. H., Jansen, A. M. (2000). Biological and biochemical characterization of isolates of Trypanosoma evansi from Pantanal of Matogrosso – Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology 92, 107–118.Google Scholar
Rottenberg, M. E., Masocha, W., Ferella, M., Petitto-Assis, F., Goto, H., Kristensson, K., McCaffrey, R. and Wigzell, H. (2005). Treatment of African trypanosomiasis with cordycepin and adenosine deaminase inhibitors in a mouse model. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 192, 1658–1665.Google Scholar
Silva, R. A. M. S., Herrera, H. M., Domingos, L. B. S., Ximenes, F. A. and Dávila, A. M. R. (1995). Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma evansi infection in dogs and horses: hematological and clinical aspects. Ciência Rural 25, 233–238.Google Scholar
Silva, R. A. M. S., Seidl, A., Ramirez, L. and Dávila, A. M. R. (2002). Trypanosoma evansi e Trypanosoma vivax: biologia, diagnóstico e controle. Embrapa Pantanal, Corumbá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.Google Scholar
Suswam, E. A., Ross, C. A. and Martin, R. J. (2003). Changes in adenosine transport associated with melaminophenyl arsenical (Mel CY) resistance in Trypanosoma evansi: down-regulation and affinity changes of the P2 transporter. Parasitology 127, 543–549.Google Scholar
Tarello, W. (2005). Trypanosoma evansi infection in three cats. Revue Medecine Veterinaire 156, 133–134.Google Scholar
Tripathi, K., Kumar, R., Bharti, K., Kumar, P., Shrivastav, R., Sundar, S. and Pai, K. (2008). Adenosine deaminase activity in sera of patients with visceral leishmaniasis in India. Clinica Chimica Acta 388, 135–138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Valentine, W. N., Paglia, D. E., Tartaglia, A. P. and Gilsanz, F. (1977). Hereditary hemolytic anemia with increased adenosine deaminase (45–70 fold) and decreased adenosine triphosphate. Science 195, 783.Google Scholar
Xaus, J., Valledor, A. F., Card, M., Marques, L., Beleta, J., Palacois, J. M. and Celada, A. (1999). Adenosine inhibits macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent proliferation of macrophages through the induction of p27 kip-1 expression. Journal of Immunology 163, 4140–4149.Google Scholar
Wolkmer, P., Da Silva, A. S., Carnelutti, J. F., Costa, M. M., Traesel, C., Lopes, S. T. A. and Monteiro, S. G. (2007). Resposta eritropoética de ratos em diferentes de graus de parasitemia por Trypanosoma evansi. Ciência Rural 37, 1682–1687.Google Scholar
Wolkmer, P., Da Silva, A. S., Carnelutti, J. F., Paim, F. C., Traesel, C., Lopes, S. T. A. and Monteiro, S. G. (2009). Lipid peroxidation associated with anemia in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Veterinary Parasitology 165, 41–46.Google Scholar