Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T09:46:57.689Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Evaluation of anthelmintic properties of some plants used as livestock dewormers against Haemonchus contortus infections in sheep

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2004

J. B. GITHIORI
Affiliation:
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya Department of Parasitology (SWEPAR), National Veterinary Institute and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
J. HÖGLUND
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology (SWEPAR), National Veterinary Institute and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
P. J. WALLER
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology (SWEPAR), National Veterinary Institute and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
R. L. BAKER
Affiliation:
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract

Gastrointestinal helminth infections remain a major constraint to livestock production globally. This study evaluated anthelmintic efficacy of 7 plants used as dewormers by farmers and pastoralists in Kenya. Thus 3 commercial anthelmintics and 7 plant preparations were tested in lambs infected with 5000 or 3000 L3 Haemonchus contortus in 4 experiments. In the first experiment, ivermectin, levamisole and albendazole were tested in 46 lambs. Seven plant preparations of Hagenia abyssinica, Olea europaea var. africana, Annona squamosa, Ananas comosus, Dodonea angustifolia, Hildebrandtia sepalosa and Azadirachta indica were tested in 151 lambs in 3 experiments. All 3 anthelminitics were highly effective in reducing faecal egg counts (FEC) and total worm counts (TWC) in lambs. Plant preparations had varying levels of crude proteins from 2·6% for O. europaea to 18·4% for A. indica. Compared with controls, no significant reductions in FEC were observed for any of the treated groups either 2 or 3 weeks post-treatment. Lambs treated with A. squamosa and A. comosus were slaughtered 4 weeks post-treatment. No significant differences were observed in mean TWC or number of eggs per female worm between treated animals and the controls. No significant improvements in weight gain were observed in treated lambs.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
2004 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

ABEBE, G., DAWSON, L. J., DETWEILER, G., GIPSON, T. A. & SAHLU, T. ( 2000). Hagenia abyssinica (Kosso) for internal parasite control in goats. In The Opportunities and Challenges of Enhancing Goat Production in East Africa ( ed. Merkel, R. C., Abebe, G. & Goetsch, A. L.), pp. 190195. Debub University, Awassa, Ethiopia.
ALAWA, C. B. I., ADAMU, A. M., GEFU, J. O., AJANUSI, O. J., ABDU, P. A., CHIEZEY, N. P., ALAWA, J. N. & BOWMAN, D. D. ( 2003). In vitro screening of two Nigerian medicinal plants (Vernonia amygdalina and Annona senegalensis) for anthelmintic activity. Veterinary Parasitology 113, 7381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ANONYMOUS ( 1996). Ethnoveterinary Medicine in Kenya: A Field Manual of Traditional Animal Health Practices. Intermediate Technology Development Group and International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, Nairobi.
ASPREY, G. F. & THORNTON, P. ( 1955). Medicinal plants of Jamaica. III. West Indian Medical Journal 4, 6982.Google Scholar
BALDO, R. C. ( 2001). Comparative efficacy of pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaves bolus and albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Phillipines, Los Banos, Phillipines.
BEENTJE, H. J. ( 1994). Kenya Trees, Shrubs and Lianas. National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi.
BIZIMANA, N. ( 1994). Traditional Veterinary Practice in Africa. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), Roßdorf, Germany.
CHANDRAWATHANI, P., BRELIN, D., NOR FASIHA, A. S., ADNAN, M., JAMNAH, O., REHANA, A. S., HOGLUND, J. & WALLER, P. J. ( 2002). Evaluation of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) as a herbal anthelmintic for nematode parasite control in small ruminants in Malaysia. Tropical Biomedicine 19, 4148.Google Scholar
COLES, G. C., BAUER, C., BORGSTEEDE, F. H., GEERTS, S., KLEI, T. R., TAYLOR, M. A. & WALLER, P. J. ( 1992). World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) methods for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance. Veterinary Parasitology 44, 3544.Google Scholar
COOP, R. L. & KYRIAZAKIS, I. ( 2001). Influence of host nutrition on the development and consequences of nematode parasitism in ruminants. Trends in Parasitology 17, 325330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DEKA, L., MAJUMDAR, R. & DUTTA, A. M. ( 1983). Some Ayurvedic important plants from District Kamrup (Assam). Ancient Science of Life 3, 108115.Google Scholar
DESTA, B. ( 1995). Ethiopian traditional herbal drugs. Part I: studies on the toxicity and therapeutic activity of local taenicidal medications. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 45, 2733.Google Scholar
DHARANI, N. ( 2002). Field Guide of Common Trees and Shrubs of East Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.
FEROZ, H., KHARE, A. K. & SRIVASTAVA, M. C. ( 1982). Review of scientific studies on anthelmintics from plants. Journal of Science Research on Plants and Medicine 3, 612.Google Scholar
FRATKIN, E. ( 1996). Traditional medicine and concepts of healing among Samburu pastoralists of Kenya. Journal of Ethnobiology 16, 6397.Google Scholar
GIDAY, M., ASFAW, Z., ELMQVIST, T. & WOLDU, Z. ( 2003). An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Zay people in Ethiopia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 85, 4352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GITHIORI, J. B., HOGLUND, J., WALLER, P. J. & BAKER, R. L. ( 2002). Anthelmintic activity of preparations derived from Myrsine africana and Rapanea melanophloeos against the nematode parasite, Haemonchus contortus, of sheep. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 80, 187191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HAILE, A., TEMBELY, S., ANINDO, D. O., MUKASA-MUGERWA, E., REGE, J. E. O., YAMI, A. & BAKER, R. L. ( 2002). Effects of breed and dietary protein supplementation on the responses to gastrointestinal nematode infections in Ethiopian sheep. Small Ruminant Research 44, 247261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HANSEN, J. & PERRY, B. ( 1994). The Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Control of Helminth Parasites of Ruminants: A Handbook. International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi.
HEINE, B., HEINE, I. & KÖNIG, C. ( 1988). Plant Concepts and Plant Use. An Ethnobotanical Survey of the Semi-arid and Arid Lands of East Africa. Part V: Plants of the Samburu (Kenya). Verlag Breitenbach Publishers, Saabrucken.
HORDEGEN, P., HERTZBERG, H., HEILMANN, J., LANGHANS, W. & MAURER, V. ( 2003). The anthelmintic efficacy of five plant products against gastrointestinal trichostrongylids in artificially infected lambs. Veterinary Parasitology 117, 5160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
JOVELLANOS, J. M. M. ( 1997). Efficacy of three selected herbal plants on gastrointestinal parasites of cattle. Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.), University of the Philippines, Los Banos, Philippines.
KAHIYA, C., MUKARATIRWA, S. & THAMSBORG, S. M. ( 2003). Effects of Acacia nilotica and Acacia karoo diets on Haemonchus contortus infection in goats. Veterinary Parasitology 115, 265274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KALEYSA, R. R. ( 1975). Screening of indigenous plants for anthelmintic action against Ascaris lumbricoides: Part II. Indian Journal Physiology and Pharmacology 19, 4749.Google Scholar
KOKWARO, J. O. ( 1993). Medicinal Plants of East Africa, 2nd Edn. Kenya Literature Bureau, Nairobi.
LANS, C. & BROWN, G. ( 1998). Ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in Trinidad and Tobago. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 35, 149163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LLOYD, L. E., MacDONALD, B. E. & CRAMPTON, E. W. ( 1978). Fundamentals of Nutrition, 2nd Edn. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco.
MAINGI, N., BJORN, H., GICHOHI, V. M., MUNYUA, W. K. & GATHUMA, J. M. ( 1998). Resistance to benzimidazoles and levamisole in nematode parasites of sheep in Nyandarua District of Kenya. Acta Tropica 69, 3140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MESFIN, T. & OBSA, T. ( 1994). Ethiopian traditional veterinary practices and their possible contribution to animal production and management. Review of Science and Technology 13, 417424.Google Scholar
MINJA, M. M. ( 1994). Medicinal plants used in the promotion of animal health in Tanzania. Review of Science and Technology 13, 905925.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MONTEIRO, A. M., WANYANGU, S. W., KARIUKI, D. P., BAIN, R., JACKSON, F. & McKELLAR, Q. A. ( 1998). Pharmaceutical quality of anthelmintics sold in Kenya. Veterinary Record 142, 396398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MUGAMBI, J. M. ( 1994). Comparative studies on breed resistance to ovine haemonchosis in Kenya. Ph.D., University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
PERRY, B. D., RANDOLPH, T. F., McDERMOTT, J. J., SONES, K. R. & THORNTON, P. K. ( 2002). Investing in Animal Health Research to Alleviate Poverty. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya.
PIETROSEMOLI, S., OLAVEZ, R., MONTILLA, T. & CAMPOS, Z. ( 1999). Empleo de hojas de Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) en control de nematodos gastrointestinales de bovinos a pastoreo. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía de LUZ 16, 220225.Google Scholar
RANJHAN, S. K. ( 1993). Animal Nutrition in the Tropics, 3rd Edn. Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.
ROBERTS, J. A. & ADAMS, D. B. ( 1990). The effect of level of nutrition on the development of resistance to Haemonchus contortus in sheep. Australian Veterinary Journal 67, 8991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SANGSTER, N. C. ( 2001). Managing parasiticide resistance. Veterinary Parasitology 98, 89109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SATRIJA, F., NANSEN, P., MURTINI, S. & HE, S. ( 1995). Anthelmintic activity of papaya latex against patent Heligmosomoides polygyrus infections in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 48, 161164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SATRIJA, F., RETNANI, E. B., RIDWAN, Y. & TIURIA, R. ( 2001). Potential use of herbal anthelmintics as alternative antiparasitic drugs for small holder farms in developing countries. In Livestock Community and Environment. Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine. ( Copenhagen, Denmark).
VAN WYK, B.-E., VAN OUDTSHOORN, B. & GERICKE, N. ( 1997). Medicinal Plants of South Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria, South Africa.
WALLER, P. J. ( 1997). Nematode parasite control of livestock in the tropics/subtropics: the need for novel approaches. International Journal for Parasitology 27, 11931201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WANYANGU, S. W., BAIN, R. K., RUGUTT, M. K., NGINYI, J. M. & MUGAMBI, J. M. ( 1996). Anthelmintic resistance amongst sheep and goats in Kenya. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 25, 285290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar