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Evolutionary history of Trypanosoma cruzi according to antigen genes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2008

M. ROZAS ,
S. DE DONCKER ,
X. CORONADO ,
C. BARNABÉ ,
M. TIBYARENC ,
A. SOLARI  and
J.-C. DUJARDIN
M. ROZAS
Affiliation:
Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile Institute of Tropical Medicine, Molecular Parasitology, Antwerp, Belgium
S. DE DONCKER
Affiliation:
Institute of Tropical Medicine, Molecular Parasitology, Antwerp, Belgium
X. CORONADO
Affiliation:
Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
C. BARNABÉ
Affiliation:
Génétique et Evolution des Maladies Infectieuses, UMR CNRS/IRD 2724, Montpellier, France
M. TIBYARENC
Affiliation:
Génétique et Evolution des Maladies Infectieuses, UMR CNRS/IRD 2724, Montpellier, France
A. SOLARI
Affiliation:
Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
J.-C. DUJARDIN*
Affiliation:
Institute of Tropical Medicine, Molecular Parasitology, Antwerp, Belgium
*
*Corresponding author: Institute of Tropical Medicine, Molecular Parasitology, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp, Belgium. Tel: +32 3 2476355. Fax: +32 3 2476359. E-mail: jcdujard@itg.be
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Summary

Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease is associated with a very high clinical and epidemiological pleomorphism. This might be better understood through studies on the evolutionary history of the parasite. We explored here the value of antigen genes for the understanding of the evolution within T. cruzi. We selected 11 genes and 12 loci associated with different functions and considered to be involved in host-parasite interaction (cell adhesion, infection, molecular mimicry). The polymorphism of the respective genes in a sample representative of the diversity of T. cruzi was screened by PCR-RFLP and evolutionary relationships were inferred by phenetic analysis. Our results support the classification of T. cruzi in 2 major lineages and 6 discrete typing units (DTUs). The topology of the PCR-RFLP tree was the one that better fitted with the epidemiological features of the different DTUs: (i) lineage I, being encountered in sylvatic as well as domestic transmission cycles, (ii) IIa/c being associated with a sylvatic transmission cycle and (iii) IIb/d/e being associated with a domestic transmission cycle. Our study also supported the hypothesis that the evolutionary history of T. cruzi has been shaped by a series of hybridization events in the framework of a predominant clonal evolution pattern.

Keywords

Trypanosoma cruziPCR-RFLPantigen genesevolutionrecombination
Type
Original Articles
Information
Parasitology , Volume 135 , Issue 10 , September 2008 , pp. 1157 - 1164
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

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