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Neuropeptides and their evolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

C. Shaw
C. Shaw
Affiliation:
Comparative Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Schools of Clinical Medicine and Biology & Biochemistry, The Queen'sUniversity of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Summary

Neuropeptides are ubiquitous signalling molecules in all metazoans possessing nervous systems, from the simple nerve nets of the cnidarians to the immensely complex systems of mammals. While the discipline of peptide neuroendocrinology was born through the study of higher vertebrates, there now exists a plethora of information regarding neuropeptides and peptidic regulatory factors in invertebrates. Such phylogenetic studies have revealed that peptidic neurotransmission is of early evolutionary origin and that, while invertebrates have nervous systems which are simpler in terms of nerve cell number and organisation when compared with vertebrates, the complexity of the peptidic ‘vocabulary’ of invertebrate neurones is of a similar order of magnitude. Most research on invertebrate neuropeptides has been directed towards representative members of groups such as the insects and molluscs and it is only in recent years that efforts have been focused on the helminths (platyhelminths and nematodes). Here, the putative origins of peptidic transmitters is discussed and the current state of knowledge on helminth neuropeptides is reviewed. In order to place the study of helminth neuropeptides in an historical and conceptual perspective, methodological development and conceptual modifications in the disciplines of vertebrate and higher invertebrate peptide neuroendocrinology have been summarised.

Keywords

neuropeptidesisolationchemistryhelminthsmolecular evolution
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 113 , supplement S1: Molecular biochemistry and physiology of helminth neuromuscular systems , January 1996 , pp. S35 - S45
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

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