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Northward invasion of the parasitic deer ked (Lipoptena cervi), is there geographical variation in pupal size and development duration?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 September 2010

SIRPA KAUNISTO ,
LAURA HÄRKÖNEN ,
PEKKA NIEMELÄ ,
HEIKKI ROININEN  and
HANNU YLÖNEN
SIRPA KAUNISTO*
Affiliation:
University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Science and Forestry, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
LAURA HÄRKÖNEN
Affiliation:
University of Oulu, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
PEKKA NIEMELÄ
Affiliation:
University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Science and Forestry, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland University of Turku, Department of Biology, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
HEIKKI ROININEN
Affiliation:
University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Science and Forestry, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
HANNU YLÖNEN
Affiliation:
University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Konnevesi Research Station, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
*
*Corresponding author: University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Science and Forestry, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland. Fax: +358 13 251 3590. E-mail: skaunist@cc.joensuu.fi
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Summary

The deer ked (Lipoptena cervi) is a common ectoparasite of cervids. During the last decades the species has rapidly invaded in northern Europe, especially in Finland, towards the north and increased its prevalence on the moose population. Consequently, during this rapid invasion the deer ked has faced more severe climatic conditions. We studied whether pupal size (measured as pupal weight) and pupal development duration of the deer ked varies along historical invasion zones and temperature zones towards north in Finland. Moreover, we explored possible size- and gender-dependent variation in pupal development duration. We divided wild-collected pupae in respect to their origin in two ways: (1) temperature zones (from south-west to colder north-east) and (2) invasion history (from early to late establishment). We reared pupae in the controlled laboratory conditions in identical temperature and light conditions. Pupal size decreased towards north and the smaller pupae developed faster. However, the results do not show differences in pupal size or developmental characteristics between the invasion zones. This supports the idea of rapid developmental plasticity of the deer ked and that not the invasion history but the current temperature regime determines the life history of the deer ked when invading towards a colder environment.

Keywords

ectoparasitecervidinvasive speciesHippoboscidaepupaadult emergencethe converse Bergmann's rule
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 138 , Issue 3 , March 2011 , pp. 354 - 363
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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