Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T12:22:14.822Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

On the invasion of the central nervous system by nematodes I. The Incidence and pathological significance of nematodes in the central nervous system

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

J. F. A. Sprent
J. F. A. Sprent
Affiliation:
University of Queensland Veterinary School, Brisbane, Queensland
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

A wide variety of nematode species have been observed to invade the central nervous system. They may be located in the meningeal spaces or may penetrate into the tissues of the brain and spinal cord.

The pathological changes resulting from invasion of the central nervous system are influenced by the route of entry, the size and the mobility of the parasite. They may be diffuse or focal and may include haemorrhage, degenerative changes, cellular infiltration and glial proliferation. Such changes may or may not be observed in close association with the parasite.

Symptoms indicating involvement of the central nervous system have long been associated with nematode infections outside the central nervous system. The pathogenesis of these symptoms is obscure, but they may possibly be of allergic origin.

The direct pathological effects on the central nervous system are mainly the result of trauma and are directly proportional to the size and activity of the parasite. The possibility that nematodes may transport viruses into the central nervous system is briefly discussed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 45 , Issue 1-2 , May 1955 , pp. 31 - 40
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1955

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Albrecht, G. (1872). Mag. Ges. Thierheilkunde, 38, 177–82 (Original not seen.)Google Scholar
Beautyman, W. & Woolf, A. L. (1951). An ascaris larva in the brain in association with acute anterior poliomyelitis. J. Path. Bact. 63, 635–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beaver, P. C., Snyder, C. H.M, Carrera, G. M., Dent, J. H. & Lafferty, J. W. (1952). Chronic eosinophilia due to visceral larva migrans. Pediatrics, 9, 7–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bertrand-Fontaine, , Schneider, J., Wolfromm, R. & Cagnard, V. (1948). Un CaS filariose cérébrale. Bull. Soc. méd. Ho¸p., Paris, 32/33, 1092–5.Google Scholar
Bloch, L. (1915). J. Amer. Med. Ass. 65, 2140–1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boissière, , (Frères) (1886). Rec. Méd. vét. 63, 440–3.Google Scholar
Borell, G. (1875). Virchow's Arch. 65, 399–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brand, T. Von & Cullinan, R. P. (1943). Physiological observations upon a larval Eustrongy lides. V. The behaviour in abnormal warmblooded hosts. Proc. helm. Soc. Wash. 10, 29–33.Google Scholar
Brunetière, (1913). Gaz. hebd. Sci. Méd. 34 (30), 351–4. (Original not seen.)Google Scholar
Bunzl, V. (1904). Arb. Neural. Inst. (Inst. Anat. Physiol. ZentNerv.) Univ. Wien, 11, 156–70.Google Scholar
Burg, W. B. V. D., Baudet, E. A. R. F. & Verwey, J. H. P. (1953). Lethal bleeding in the cranial cavity of deer (Cervus elaphus) caused by a nematode, belonging to the family of the Metastrongylidae. Proc. XVth Int. Vet. Congr. Stockholm, 1, 414–16.Google Scholar
Bush, D. L. (1951). Lumbar paralysis of ovine species in Japan reportedly caused by Setaria digitata. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass. 118, 388–94.Google ScholarPubMed
Cahall, W. C. (1889). J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 16, 361–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capdebielle, & Hussenet, (1911). Rev. vét. Toulouse, 36, (N.S. 68), 144–7.Google Scholar
Craig, C. F. & Faust, E. C. (1940). Clinical Parasitology, 2nd ed.Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cummins, W. T. & Carson, G. R. (1916). J. Amer. Med. Ass. 66, 1856–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dacorso, P. Filho (1944). Encefalite por microfilaria em cão. [A case of encephalitis in the dog due to Dirqfilaria immitis infection.] Bol. Soc. bras. Med. vet. 13, 211–17. (Original not seen—abstract in Vet. Bull. 19, 286.)Google Scholar
Daschoff, A. D. & Novy, V. J. (1945). Dirofilariasis with Paraplegia and its treatment. Vet. Med. 40, 69–70.Google Scholar
Diesing, K. M. (1851). Systema helminthum, vol. 11, vi + 588 pp. Vindobonae.Google Scholar
Elliott, A. R. (1916). J. Amer. Med. Ass. 66, 504–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenstermacher, R. (1934). Bull. Minn. Agric. Exper. Sta. no. 308, 26 pp.Google Scholar
Frothingham, C. (1906). J. Med. Res. 15 (N.S. 10), 483–90.Google Scholar
Fülleborn, F. (1921). Arch. Schiffs-u. Tropenhyg. 25, 62–3.Google Scholar
Fülleborn, F. (1925). Arch. Schiffs-u. Tropenhyg. 29, Beihefte 3, 5–100.Google Scholar
Gibson, H. (1907). Vet. J. 63, 150.Google Scholar
Gould, S. E. (1945). Trichinosis. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hashimoto, S. (1939). Trans. Jap. Path. Soc. 29, 534–7.Google Scholar
Hassin, G. B. & Diamond, I. B. (1926). Arch. Neural. Psychiat., Chicago, 15, 34–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heill, O. Von (1874). Thierartzt, 13, 88–9.Google Scholar
Hoeppli, R. J. C. (1923). Virchow's Arch. 244, 159–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Innes, J. R. M. (1951). Nervous disease of domesticated animals caused by Filaria (Setaria digitata). Vet. Med. 46, 192–3.Google ScholarPubMed
Innes, J. R. M. & Shoho, C. (1952). Nematodes, nervous disease and neurotropic virus infection. Brit. Med. J. 16 Aug. pp. 366–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Innes, J. R. M., Shoho, C. & Pillai, C. P. (1952 a). Epizootic cerebro-spinal nematodiasis (or setariasis): So-called lumbar paralysis. Vet. Rec. 64, 169–70.Google Scholar
Innes, J. R. M., Shoho, C. & Pillai, C. P. (1952 b). Epizootic cerebro-spinal nematodiasis or setariasis. Brit. Vet. J. 108, 71–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishii, S., Yajima, A., Sugawa, Y., Ishiwara, T., Ogata, T. & Hashiguchi, Y. (1953). The experimental reproduction of so-called lumbar paralysis—epizootic cerebrospinal nematodiasis—in goats in Japan. Brit. Vet. J. 109, 160–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, P. C., Whitlock, J. H. & Roberts, S. J. (1952). Neurofilariosis, a paralytic disease of sheep: 1. Introduction, symptomatology, and pathology. Cornell Vet. 42,118–24.Google ScholarPubMed
Kenney, M. & Hewitt, R. (1950). Psychoneurotic disturbances in filariasis. Amer. J. Trap. Med. 30, 895–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Linstow, O. Von (1883). Arch. Naturgesch., 49(2), 772–814.Google Scholar
Lintz, W. (1916). J. Amer. Med. Ass. 66, 1856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lotmar, F. (1951). Zur Frage der Verursachung von Herdsymptomen des Grosshirns durch Ascaridiasis. Schweiz. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 67, 306–22.Google Scholar
Lynd, F. T. & Short, G. E. (1952). Microfilaria in Brain Tissue of a Skunk. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass. 120, 297.Google ScholarPubMed
McGaughey, C. A. (1951). Necrotising encephalomyelitis of goats in Ceylon (Encephalo-malacia of goats, goat paralysis) Brit. Vet. J. 107, 449–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackerras, M. J. & Sandars, D. F. (1953). Nature, Lond., 173, 956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martini, F. (1937). Cervello, 16, 161–8.Google Scholar
Most, H. & Abeles, M. M. (1937). Arch. Neurol. Psychiat., Chicago, 37, 589–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mozgovoi, A. A. (1953). Ascaridata of Animals and Man. 2 vols. (in Russian). Academy of Sciences, U.S.S.R.Google Scholar
Neumann, L. G. (1892). A Treatise on the Parasites and Parasitic Diseases of the Domesticated Animals. London: Baillière Tindall and Cox.Google Scholar
Pagniez, Ph. & Plichet, A. (1938). Considérations sur l'épilepsie parasitaire. Pr. méd. 46,937–9.Google Scholar
Peruzzi, M. (1928). Final Report of the League of Nations International Commission on Human Trypanosomiasis, pp. 309–13.Google Scholar
Place, F. E. (1911). J. Trop. Vet. Sci. 6, 44–8.Google Scholar
Pohlmann, E. (1942). Münch, med. Wschr. 89, 760–1.Google Scholar
Price, E. W. (1928). J. Parasit. 14, 59–60.Google Scholar
Rachmanow, A. (1914). Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 28, 181–93.Google Scholar
Raffensperger, H. B. (1932). J. Parasit. 18, 44.Google Scholar
Railliet, A. & Moussu, G. (1893). Vet. J. and Ann. Comp. Path. 36, 229–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rathke, H. (1837). Arch. Naturgeschichte, 3(1), 335–6.Google Scholar
Robbio, H. I. (1946). A case of epilepsy supposed to be of parasitic origin. Rev. Med. vet., B. Aires, 27/28, 320–6.Google Scholar
Rudolphi, C. A. (1808). Entozoorum sive vermium intestinalium Amstelaedami, Vol. 1, pp. xxvi + 527 + xxvi pp.Google Scholar
Rudolphi, C. A. (1809). Entozoorum sive vermium intestinalium Amstelaedami, Vol. II, pt. 1,457 pp.Google Scholar
Salan, J. & Schwartz, B. (1928). J. Amer. Med. Ass. 90, 611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwangart, F. (1940). Berl. Münch, tierärtzl. Wschr. (6), 9 Feb., 61–6.Google Scholar
Shope, R. E. (1941). J. Exp. Med. 74, 49–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shope, R. E. (1943 a). J. Exp. Med. 77, 111–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shope, R. E. (1943 b). J. Exp. Med. 77, 127–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sicard, M. H. (1914). Med. Rec., N.Y. 15 Aug., 86, 282–5. (Original not seen.)Google Scholar
Sprent, J. F. A. (1949). J. Infect. Dis. 84, 221–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sprent, J. F. A. (1950). J. Infect. Dis. 86, 146–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sprent, J. F. A. (1951). On the toxic and allergic manifestations produced by the tissues and fluids of ascaris. III. Hypersensitivity through infection in the guinea pig. J. Infect. Dis. 88, 168–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sprent, J. F. A. (1953). On the migratory behaviour of the larvae of various ascaris species in white mice. II. Longevity of encapsulated larvae, their resistance to freezing and putrefaction. J. Infect. Dis. 92, 114–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Syverton, J. T., McCoy, O. R., Koomen, J. (1947). J. Exp. Med. 85, 759–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tha, Mya (1928). Cerebral symptoms associated with filariasis. Indian Med. Gaz. 63, 636–7.Google Scholar
Tiner, J. D. (1949). J. Parasit. 35, Suppl. p. 13.Google Scholar
Tiner, J. D. (1951). Observations on larval Carnivore ascarids in Rodents. J. Parasit. 37, Suppl. pp. 21–2.Google Scholar
Tiner, J. D. (1953 a). The migration, distribution in the brain, and growth of ascarid larvae in Rodents. J. Infect. Dis. 92, 105–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tiner, J. D. (1953 b). Fatalities in Rodents caused by larval Ascaris in the central nervous system. J. Mammal. 34, 153–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tykac`, B. (1947). Časop. Čsl. Vet. 2, 160–3.Google Scholar
Van Cott, J. M. & Lintz, W. (1914). J. Amer. Med. Ass. 28 Feb. 62, 680–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wetzel, R. & Enigk, K. (1936). Dtsch. Tierärtzl. Wschr. 44, 576–7.Google Scholar
Whitlock, J. H. (1952). Neurofllariosis, a paralytic disease of sheep: II. Neurqfilaria cornel- lensis, n.g., n.sp. (Nematoda, Filarioidea), a new nematode parasite from the spinal cord of sheep. Cornell Vet. 42, 125–32.Google Scholar
Widakowich, V. (1905). Zbl. Bakt.(1. Abt. Orig.), 38, 447–50.Google Scholar
Wolffhügel, K. (1934). Z. InfektKr. Haustiere, 46, 28–47.Google Scholar
Wyman, J. (1868). Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 12, 100–4.Google Scholar
Yamaguchi, S. (1925). Arch. Schiffs- u. Tropenhyg. 29, 589–604.Google Scholar
Yokogawa, S. (1923). Trans. Jap. Path. Soc. 13, 3–39. (Original not translated.)Google Scholar
Zau, F. D. (1935). Chin. Med. J. 49, 689–93.Google Scholar