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Parasites and the neuroendocrine control of fish intestinal function: an ancient struggle between pathogens and host

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 August 2022

Giampaolo Bosi ,
Barbara J. Maynard ,
Flavio Pironi  and
Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli Open the ORCID record for Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli [Opens in a new window]
Giampaolo Bosi
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, St. dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Barbara J. Maynard
Affiliation:
The Institute for Learning and Teaching, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Flavio Pironi
Affiliation:
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli*
Affiliation:
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
*
Author for correspondence: Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli, E-mail: dzb@unife.it
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Abstract

Most individual fish in wild and farmed populations can be infected with parasites. Fish intestines can harbour protozoans, myxozoans and helminths, which include several species of digeneans, cestodes, nematodes and acanthocephalans. Enteric parasites often induce inflammation of the intestine; the pathogen provokes changes in the host physiology, which will be genetically selected for if they benefit the parasite. The host response to intestinal parasites involves neural, endocrine and immune systems and interaction among these systems is coordinated by hormones, chemokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters including peptides. Intestinal fish parasites have effects on the components of the enteric nervous and endocrine systems; mechanical/chemical changes impair the activity of these systems, including gut motility and digestion. Investigations on the role of the neuroendocrine system in response to fish intestinal parasites are very few. This paper provides immunohistochemical and ultrastructural data on effects of parasites on the enteric nervous system and the enteric endocrine system in several fish–parasite systems. Emphasis is on the occurrence of 21 molecules including cholecystokinin-8, neuropeptide Y, enkephalins, galanin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and serotonin in infected tissues.

Keywords

Enteric endocrine systementeric nervous systemgut physiologyintestinal parasitesteleost
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 149 , Special Issue 14: Fish Parasitology , December 2022 , pp. 1842 - 1861
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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