Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T11:14:31.736Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Phenotypic variation in a significant spore character in Kudoa (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) species infecting brain tissue

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 June 2010

MIEKE A. A. BURGER  and
ROBERT D. ADLARD
MIEKE A. A. BURGER
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
ROBERT D. ADLARD*
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
*
*Corresponding author: Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia. Tel: +617 38407723. E-mail: robert.adlard@qm.qld.gov.au
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Some Kudoa species display variations in the number of polar capsules in spores within an individual pseudocyst. Nonetheless, there is usually a dominant morphotype which forms a significant element of diagnosis. In 2007, a Kudoa isolate from whiting (spores with 5 (dominant) or 6 (minor) polar capsules) was characterized by Burger et al. (2007) as being 100% identical in SSU rDNA to Kudoa yasunagai (spores with 7 polar capsules) from a halibut, despite its obvious morphological differences. The authors hypothesized that either SSU rDNA had reached its level of resolution or that the genetic identity revealed conspecificity. To further investigate these hypotheses, SSU and LSU rDNA sequence data were coupled with principal components, correlation, and regression analyses of morphometric data from different kudoid isolates that infect brain tissue to determine the relationships between spore morphotypes and different kudoid isolates. The trends in morphometrics between the spores of particular isolates were so similar that it was concluded that the molecular results did indicate conspecificity rather than SSU reaching its level of resolution. This phenotypic influence on a significant diagnostic character within the Kudoidae has a major impact on the diagnosis of this, and potentially other, pathogenic species.

Keywords

MyxozoaKudoidaeKudoa yasunagaiKudoa neurophilaphenotypic variationmorphotypesmorphometrics
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 137 , Issue 12 , October 2010 , pp. 1759 - 1772
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Blaylock, R. B., Bullard, S. A. and Whipps, C. M. (2004). Kudoa hypoepicardialis n. sp (Myxozoa : Kudoidae) and associated lesions from the heart of seven perciform fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Parasitology 90, 584–593. doi: 10.1645/GE-161RCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burger, M. A. A. and Adlard, R. D. (2010). Four new species of Kudoa Meglitsch, 1947 (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) from Australia with recommendations for species descriptions in the Kudoidae. Parasitology 137, 793–814. doi:10.1017/S0031182009991557CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burger, M. A. A., Barnes, A. C. and Adlard, R. D. (2008). Wildlife as reservoirs for parasites infecting commercial species: host specificity and a redescription of Kudoa amamiensis from teleost fish in Australia. Journal of Fish Diseases 31, 835–844. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00958.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burger, M. A. A., Cribb, T. H. and Adlard, R. D. (2007). Patterns of relatedness in the Kudoidae with descriptions of Kudoa chaetodoni n. sp and K. lethrini n. sp (Myxosporea : Multivalvulida). Parasitology 134, 669–681. doi:10.1017/S0031182006001995CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheung, P. J. and Nigrelli, R. F. (1990). Coccomyxa (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) and Septemcapsula (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) infections, the possible cause of death of coral catfish Plotosus anguillaris in captivity. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 2, 112–118.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cho, J. B. and Kim, K. H. (2003). Light- and electron-microscope description of Kudoa paralichthys n. sp. (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) from the brain of cultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in Korea. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 55, 59–63. doi:10.3354/dao055059CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamant, A., Ucko, M., Paperna, I., Colorni, A. and Lipshitz, A. (2005). Kudoa iwatai (Myxosporea : Multivalvulida) in wild and cultured fish in the Red Sea: redescription and molecular phylogeny. Journal of Parasitology 91, 1175–1189. doi:10.1645/GE-491R.1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Egusa, S. (1986 a). A myxosporean of the Order Multivalvulida from the brains of Lateolabrax japonicus and some other marine fishes. Fish Pathology 21, 233–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egusa, S. (1986 b). The Order Multivalvulida Schulman, 1959 (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) – a review. Fish Pathology 21, 261–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grossel, G., Handlinger, J., Battaglene, S. and Munday, B. (2005). Diagnostic polymerase chain reaction assay to detect Kudoa neurophila (Myxozoa: Multivalvulida) in a marine finfish hatchery. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 64, 141–149. doi:10.3354/dao064141CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grossel, G. W., Dykova, I., Handlinger, J. and Munday, B. L. (2003). Pentacapsula neurophila sp. n. (Multivalvulida) from the central nervous system of striped trumpeter, Latris lineata (Forster). Journal of Fish Diseases 26, 315–320. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00459.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunter, N. L. and Adlard, R. D. (2009). Seven new species of Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892 (Myxozoa) from the gall-bladders of serranid fishes from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Systematic Parasitology 73, 1–11. doi:10.1007/s11230-008-9162-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gunter, N. L., Cribb, T. H., Whipps, C. M. and Adlard, R. D. (2006). Characterization of Kudoa monodactyli n. sp. (Myxosporea : Multivalvulida) from the muscle of Monodactylus argenteus (Teleostei : Monodactylidae) from Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 53, 374–378. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00115.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, T. A. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41, 95–98.Google Scholar
Hammer, O., Harper, D. A. T. and Ryan, P. D. (2001). PAST: Palaeontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4, 9.Google Scholar
Holzer, A. S., Blasco-Costa, I., Sarabeev, V. L., Ovcharenko, M. O. and Balbuena, J. A. (2006). Kudoa trifolia sp. n. - molecular phylogeny suggests a new spore morphology and unusual tissue location for a well-known genus. Journal of Fish Diseases 29, 743–755. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00770.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsieh, S. and Chen, C. (1984). Septemcapsula yasunagai gen. et sp. nov., representative of a new family of the class Myxosporea. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 9, 225–227.Google Scholar
Langdon, J. S. (1990). Observations on new Myxobolus species and Kudoa species infecting the nervous-system of Australian Fishes. Journal of Applied Ichthyology-Zeitschrift für angewandte Ichthyologie 6, 107–116. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.1990.tb00508.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lom, J. and Dyková, I. (2006). Myxozoan genera: definition and notes on taxonomy, life-cycle terminology and pathogenic species. Folia Parasitologica 53, 1–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moran, J. D. W., Whitaker, D. J. and Kent, M. L. (1999). A review of the myxosporean genus Kudoa Meglitsch, 1947, and its impact on the international aquaculture industry and commercial fisheries. Aquaculture 172, 163–196. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00437-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narasimhamurti, C. C. and Kalavati, C. (1979). Kudoa tetraspora n. sp. (Myxosporidea-Protozoa) parasitic in the brain tissue of Mugil cephalus. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B 88, 85–89.Google Scholar
Nolan, M. J. and Cribb, T. H. (2005). The use and implications of ribosomal DNA sequencing for the discrimination of digenean species. In Advances in Parasitology, Vol. 60 (ed. Baker, J. R., Muller, R. and Rollinson, D.), pp. 101–163. Elsevier Academic Press Inc, San Diego, Ca, USA.Google Scholar
StataCorp (2008). Stata/IC 10.0 for Windows. Collage Station, USA.Google Scholar
Swofford, D. L. (2002). PAUP*, Phylogenetic Analysis using Parsimony (*and other Methods). 4th Edn. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, USA.Google Scholar
Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. and Gibson, T. J. (1994). Clustal-W - improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22, 4673–4680.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whipps, C. M., Adlard, R. D., Bryant, M. S. and Kent, M. L. (2003 a). Two unusual myxozoans, Kudoa quadricornis n. sp. (Multivalvulida) from the muscle of goldspotted trevally (Carangoides fulvoguttatus) and Kudoa permulticapsula n. sp. (Multivalvulida) from the muscle of spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Journal of Parasitology 89, 168–173. doi:10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0168:TUMKQN]2.0.CO;2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whipps, C. M., Adlard, R. D., Bryant, M. S., Lester, R. J. G., Findlay, V. and Kent, M. L. (2003 b). First report of three Kudoa species from Eastern Australia: Kudoa thyrsites from mahi mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), Kudoa amamiensis and Kudoa minithyrsites n. sp. from sweeper (Pempheris ypsilychnus). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 50, 215–219. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00120.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whipps, C. M. and Diggles, B. K. (2006). Kudoa alliaria in flesh of Argentinian hoki Macruronus magellanicus (Gadiformes; Merlucciidae). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 69, 259–263. doi:10.3354/dao069259CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whipps, C. M., Grossel, G., Adlard, R. D., Yokoyama, H., Bryant, M. S., Munday, B. L. and Kent, M. L. (2004). Phylogeny of the Multivalvulida (Myxozoa : Myxosporea) based on comparative ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Journal of Parasitology 90, 618–622. doi:10.1645/GE-153RCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whipps, C. M. and Kent, M. L. (2006). Phylogeography of the cosmopolitan marine parasite Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa : Myxosporea). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 53, 364–373. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00114.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yasunaga, N., Hatai, K., Ogawa, K. and Yasumoto, S. (1981). An unkown Myxozoa found in brain of cultured Sea Bass, Lateolabrax japonicus and cultured Japanese Striped Knifejaw, Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish Pathology 16, 51–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yokoyama, H. and Itoh, N. (2005). Two multivalvulid myxozoans causing postmortem myoliquefaction: Kudoa megacapsula n. sp. from red barracuda (Sphyraena pinguis) and Kudoa thyrsites from splendid alfonso (Beryx splendens). Journal of Parasitology 91, 1132–1137. doi:10.1645/GE-548R.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar