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Reduced Trichomonas vaginalis viability in mice pretreated with parasite DNA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 August 2019

Marco Antonio Barajas-Mendiola ,
Laura E. Castellano ,
Miriam Barrios-Rodiles ,
Martha A. Deveze-Alvarez ,
Eva E. Avila  and
Patricia Cuéllar-Mata Open the ORCID record for Patricia Cuéllar-Mata [Opens in a new window]
Marco Antonio Barajas-Mendiola
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
Laura E. Castellano
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
Miriam Barrios-Rodiles
Affiliation:
Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
Martha A. Deveze-Alvarez
Affiliation:
Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
Eva E. Avila
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
Patricia Cuéllar-Mata*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
*
Author for correspondence: Patricia Cuéllar-Mata, E-mail: mata@ugto.mx
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Abstract

Trichomonas vaginalis is an extracellular parasite that colonizes the human urogenital tract leading to trichomoniasis, the most common sexually-transmitted non-viral disease worldwide. The immune response plays a critical role in the host defense against this parasite. Trichomonas' DNA contains unmethylated CpG motifs (CpGDNA) that in other microorganisms act as modulators of the immune response. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for CpGDNA immune modulation are still unclear. As macrophages participate in the first line of defense against infection, we investigated the type of immune response of murine macrophages to T. vaginalis DNA (TvDNA). We observed high expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12p40 in macrophages stimulated with TvDNA. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory response, assessed by IL-10 and IL-13 mRNA expression was delayed. This suggests that the immune response induced by TvDNA is modulated through cytokine production, mediated partly by NADPH-oxidase activity, as TvDNA induced reactive species of oxygen production and a rounded morphology in macrophages indicative of an M1 phenotype. Furthermore, infected mice pretreated with TvDNA displayed persistent vulvar inflammation and decreased parasite viability consistent with higher proinflammatory cytokine levels during infection compared to untreated mice. Overall, our findings suggest that TvDNA pretreatment modulates the immune response favouring parasite elimination.

Keywords

Macrophage polarizationparasite DNAparasite viabilityTrichomonas vaginalis
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 146 , Issue 13 , November 2019 , pp. 1636 - 1645
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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