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Studies on the protective efficacy of second-generation vaccine along with standard antileishmanial drug in Leishmania donovani infected BALB/c mice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 November 2013

JYOTI JOSHI  and
SUKHBIR KAUR
JYOTI JOSHI
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
SUKHBIR KAUR*
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
*
* Corresponding author: Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India. E-mail: puzoology@yahoo.com
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Summary

It is well established that visceral leishmaniasis (VL; also known as Kala azar) causes immunosuppression, and a successful drug treatment is associated with the development of cell-mediated immunity. Therefore combining a drug with an immune enhancer can provide a better approach for the treatment of the disease. Keeping this in mind, the in vivo antileishmanial efficacy of immunochemotherapy was evaluated with the use of a 78 kDa antigen with or without monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL-A) along with a traditional drug sodium stibogluconate (SSG) in Leishmania donovani infected BALB/c mice. Mice were infected intracardially with promastigotes of L. donovani, and 30 days after infection, these animals were given specific immunotherapy (78 kDa/78 kDa+MPL-A) or chemotherapy (SSG) or immunochemotherapy (SSG+78 kDa/SSG+78 kDa+MPL-A). Animals were euthanased on 1, 15 and 30 post-treatment days. The antileishmanial potential of the immunochemotherapy was revealed by significant reduction in the parasite burden (P<0·001). These animals were also found to exhibit increased delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, higher IgG2a levels, lower IgG1 levels and greater cytokine (IFN-γ and IL-2) concentrations compared with chemotherapy or immunotherapy alone, pointing towards the generation of a strong protective (Th1) type of immune response. Immunochemotherapy with SSG+78 kDa+MPL-A was found to be most effective in protecting mice against VL and therefore can be an alternative option for treatment of VL.

Keywords

Visceral leishmaniasisimmunochemotherapysodium stibogluconate78 kDa antigenMPL-A
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 141 , Issue 4 , April 2014 , pp. 554 - 562
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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